Impact of anthropogenic drivers on subaqueous topographical change in the Datong to Xuliujing reach of the Yangtze River

Changes of subaqueous topography in shallow offshore water pose safety risks for embankments,navigation,and ports.This study conducted measurements of subaqueous topography between Datong and Xuliujing in the Yangtze River using a Sea Bat 7125 multi-beam echo sounder,and the channel change from 1998 to 2013 was calculated using historical bathymetry data.The study revealed several important results:(1)the overall pattern of changes through the studied stretch of the river was erosion–deposition–erosion.Erosion with a volume 700×10~6m~3occurred in the upper reach,deposition of about 204×10~6m~3occurred in the middle reach,and erosion of about 602×10~6m~3occurred in the lower reach.(2)Dunes are the most common microtopographic feature,accounting for 64.3%of the Datong to Xuliujing reach,followed by erosional topography and flat river topography,accounting for 27.6%and 6.6%,respectively.(3)Human activities have a direct impact on the development of the microtopography.For instance,the mining of sand formed holes on the surface of dunes with lengths of 20–35 m and depths of 3–5 m.We concluded that the overall trend of erosion(net erosion volume of 468×10~6m~3)occurred in the study area mainly because of the decreased sediment discharge following the closure of the Three Gorges Dam.However,other human activities were also impact factors of topographic change.Use of embankments and channel management reduced channel width,restricted river meandering,and exacerbated the erosion phenomenon.     

考虑双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型试验研究

通过3个施加常轴力的RPC箱型桥墩试件的水平反复荷载试验,考虑水平荷载作用方向对RPC箱型墩抗震性能的影响,分析各试件滞回特性和骨架曲线的特点,对影响RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型的主要因素进行数值回归分析,建立了计入双轴水平力耦合效应的RPC箱型桥墩恢复力模型。利用基于平截面假定的纤维模型法编制考虑轴力二阶效应的双轴压弯构件非线性分析程序,并对RPC箱型桥墩试件的骨架曲线和滞回曲线进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果进行分析对比表明:所提出的恢复力模型具有较好的精确性,能够较好地模拟和反映RPC箱型桥墩的抗震性能。     

压缩感知技术在地震数据重建中的应用

地震资料室内处理过程要求野外采集的地震资料越多越好, 而地震数据远距离快速传输又要求野外地震数据量越少越好． 为解决这一矛盾, 将基于曲波变换与压缩感知的数据重建技术引入到地震资料处理中, 对实际的野外不完整数据进行压缩重建． 结果表明, 曲波变换相对于傅里叶变换在数据压缩采样方法中占有一定的优势． 但是, 在对实际资料进行处理时, 首先要对资料中的面波进行处理, 同时还要在一定曲波基元尺寸的情况下, 考虑缺失道数量的影响． 最终, 得到的重建数据图像纹理清晰、 连接自然, 从而验证了该方法的实用性和有效性．      

Finite element analysis of steep excavation slope failure by CFS theory

The distribution of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) change in the steep excavation slope is calculated by finite element method in this paper, and the failure mechanics under different conditions have been investigated. Comparing the CFSs before and after the slope excavation (stress loading and unloading processes), the dangerous internal zone and the most likely failure external area are attained. Given the shear cracks on the top surface while tensile stress or cracks along the toe of the slope, we analyze the high cutting-angle steep slope in Kaixian county of the Three Gorges Reservoir region. We bring forward that the peak value of CFS after excavation can reach to the order of 0.1 MPa, which is greatly higher than that of before. Our preliminary results are useful for optimizing the reinforcement structure during the steep slope stabilization engineering.     

利用Himawari-8高频次监测太湖蓝藻水华动态

新一代静止气象卫星Himawari-8以其10 min/次的高观测频次,为连续动态监测蓝藻水华提供了有力的数据支持.基于太湖实地光谱测量资料,提出Himawari-8卫星资料太湖蓝藻水华动态监测方法.以2015年10月2日蓝藻水华发生过程为例,利用连续、多时次Himawari-8资料,动态监测了太湖蓝藻水华的发展变化,分析蓝藻水华的出现、发展和消失,计算蓝藻水华强度的动态变化,认识蓝藻水华程度及变化特征,估算蓝藻水华的动态变化速度.上述分析为研究蓝藻水华的生长消亡过程提供了支持.进一步探讨蓝藻水华动态变化与气象要素的关系,发现在相同的温湿条件下,风场对蓝藻水华的形成、运动和消失有直接的驱动作用.     

The application of auto-temperature-controlled ventilation embankment in Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Auto-temperature-controlled ventilation embankment is an effective engineering measure for “cooling roadbed”. Practice proves that this new method can sufficiently make use of natural cold energy. It has the advantages of higher efficiency, better cooling effect and feasibility in engineering practice, and wider application in various environment, etc. And also, it is comparatively cheap in project cost. Through practice in the field for half a year, the testing results show that, with the application of auto-temperature-controlled system, the artificial permafrost table has been raised by 65 cm. The artificial permafrost table was basically at the embankment bottom, and the action of freeze-thaw circle on engineering stability was effectively avoided. In the month with highest ground temperature, in the scope with 1–4 m in depth, including the majority of the embankment and the upper part in the original seasonal layer, the ground temperature decreased by 0.7°C. Through thermal flux calculation in the original seasonal layer, in the month with the maximum thermal flux coming into permafrost, it is found that the thermal flux reduces nearly by half. Coming into the cooling period for nearly a month, the ground temperature in entire auto-temperature-controlled embankment is close to zero, and the foundation is at negative temperature. But in a large region in the embankment and foundation the ground temperature was over 0°C and varied from 0°C to0.39°C in ordinary ventilation embankment.     

青藏高原那曲地区雷电特征初步分析

通过对2002年夏季青藏高原那曲地区雷暴过程及闪电观测资料的初步分析,发现该地区雷暴电荷结构具有多样性和复杂性,地闪明显偏少. 对高原地闪的一些基本特征参量的统计分析表明,无论正地闪还是负地闪梯级先导前都具有持续时间较长的云内放电过程,地闪以单次回击为主. 与中低纬度地区相比,高原地闪中正地闪比例明显要高,为33髎;负地闪为67髎;正、负地闪回击后常常伴随短时间的连续电流.     

区域地震状态的损伤张量分析

本文采用损伤力学的理论研究区域地震的状态问题.浅源强地震是地壳内岩体的微缺陷损伤演化到宏观断裂的过程.本文试图从损伤统计力学的角度研究孕震过程,研究与微破裂积累增长速率有关的状态参量.即研究与地震应变积累速率、损伤度相关的损伤率的张量表示.据此,分析研究区域地下微破裂状态与活动过程.地壳介质的宏观损伤状态,通过引入损伤度ω、损伤率ω、应变率ε来刻画.根据损伤力学理论,得弹塑性各向同性损伤率的表达式.