黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计

介绍了"黑河流域生态—水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验"的背景、科学目标、试验组成和试验方案。试验的总体目标是显著提升对流域生态和水文过程的观测能力,建立国际领先的流域观测系统,提高遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。由基础试验、专题试验、应用试验、产品与方法研究和信息系统组成。其中,①基础试验:搭载微波辐射计、成像光谱仪、热像仪、激光雷达等航空遥感设备,开展一系列关键生态和水文参量的观测;发展遥感正向模型及反演和估算方法。形成覆盖全流域的水文气象综合观测网,为流域生态—水文模型研究提供更有代表性的模型参数、驱动数据及更高精度的验证数据。构建无线传感器网络,度量生态水文模型所需的若干关键的驱动、参数和模型状态的空间异质性。开展航空遥感定标和地基遥感试验。依托传感器网络,并辅之以地面同步和加密观测,开展遥感产品真实性检验。②专题试验:开展"非均匀下垫面多尺度地表蒸散发观测试验",采用密集的涡动相关仪、大孔径闪烁仪与自动气象站的观测矩阵,为揭示地表蒸散发的空间异质性,实现非均匀下垫面地表蒸散发的尺度扩展,发展和验证蒸散发模型提供基础数据。③应用试验:在流域上、中、下游分别开展针对积雪和冻土水文、灌溉水平衡和作物生长、生态耗水的综合观测试验,将观测数据和遥感产品用于上游分布式水文模型、中游地表水—地下水—农作物生长耦合模型、下游生态耗水模型,通过实证研究提升遥感在流域生态—水文集成研究和水资源管理中的应用能力。加强试验将在2012年5月起按中游、上游、下游的顺序展开,全流域持续观测期为2013—2015年。在各类试验的支持下,开展全流域生态—水文关键参量遥感产品生产,发展尺度转换方法,建立多源遥感数据同化系统。     

吉林省蛟河矿区地面塌陷及地裂缝的成因与防治

由于大规模地开发煤碳资源及频繁的经济活动,使蛟河矿区成为地质灾害的多发区.引起的地面塌陷、地裂缝灾害广泛分布于区内,已造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡,严重地制约着地方经济和社会的可持续发展,危威着人民群众生命财产安全.通过对蛟河矿区地面塌陷、地裂缝进行调查研究,对其分布特征、成因机理有了比较系统的认识.由此进一步提出了该...     

Seasonal Changes in Mayfly Communities and Abundance in Relation to Water Physicochemistry in Two Rivers at Different Elevations in Northern Peninsular Malaysia

A field study was performed at rivers in Gunung Jerai forest reserve(Kedah,Malaysia) to assess seasonal changes in mayfly community structure and abundance in relation to altitude and water physicochemistry.Rivers at lower(Batu Hampar River) and higher(Teroi River) elevations were visited through dry and wet seasons in September 2007 to August 2008.Monthly visits were made to 20 sites on each river,and water and aquatic insects were sampled using D-pond aquatic nets.Water was warmer,more acid,and more turbid in Teroi River during wet season.Ammonia was the only nutrient exhibiting significant seasonal variations(greater during wet season).Chemical oxygen demand content was higher in Teroi River where biochemical oxygen demand content was low during wet season.Species richness was higher in Batu Hampar River,but displayed seasonal variations only in Teroi River.Among the eight families encountered,Baetidae was the commonest.Baetid abundance was usually high during wet season,and those belonging to the dominant genus(Baetis) were more abundant in Teroi River.Heptageniidae was the second commonest family;its predominant genus,Thalerospyrus was more abundant in Teroi River during dry season.Caenidae,Leptophlebiidae and Oligoneuriidae were only found in Batu Hampar River where their abundances peaked during dry season,i.e.,Habrophlebiodes sp.and Isonychia sp.Ephemerellidae and Teloganodidae occurred only in Teroi River,with the first found only during dry season.Mayflies were recorded under very distinct physicochemical conditions,illustrating their potential usefulness for assessing water quality.Caenids,leptophlebids,oligoneurids ephemerellids and teloganodids seem to be particularly sensitive to temperature,acidity,turbidity,chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand,parameters that varied with river altitude.     

Stream-coordinate structure of oceanic jets based on merged altimeter data

The jet structure of the Southern Ocean front south of Australia is studied in stream-coordinate with a new altimeter product—Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT) from AVISO. The accuracy of the ADT data is validated with the mooring data from a two-year subantarctic-front experiment. It is demonstrated that the ADT is consistent with in-situ measurements and captures the meso-scale activity of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Stream-coordinate analysis of ADT surface geostrophic flows finds that ACC jets exhibit large spatio-temporal variability and do not correspond to particular streamfunction values. In the circumpolar scope ACC jets display a transient fragmented pattern controlled by topographic features. The poleward shift of jet in streamfunction space, as revealed by a streamwise correlation method, indicates the presence of meridional fluxes of zonal momentum. Such cross-stream eddy fluxes concentrate the broad ACC baroclinic flow into narrow jets. Combined with a recent discovery of gravest empirical mode (GEM) in the thermohaline fields, the study clarifies the interrelationship among front, jet and streamfunction in the Southern Ocean.     

PC机在控制金刚石合成工艺方面的应用

通过开发压机ＰＣ机的内在功能，编制合理的控制程序，改进了设备的工况，提高了金刚石合成工艺的控制精度。     

Seismic self‐centering steel beam‐to‐column moment connections using bolted friction devices

This paper first presents the force–deformation relationship of a post‐tensioned (PT) steel beam‐to‐column connection constructed with bolted web friction devices (FDs). This paper then describes the test program conducted in the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan, on four bolted FDs and four full‐scale PT beam‐to‐column moment connection subassemblies using the FDs. Tests confirm that (1) the hysteretic behavior of four bolted FDs is very stable, (2) the friction coefficient between the steel plate and the brass shim is about 0.34, (3) the proposed force–deformation relationships reasonably predict the experimental responses of the PT connections under cyclically increasing deformations up to a beam peak rotation of 0.05 rad, and (4) the decompression moments do not degrade as beam cyclic deformations increase. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冕宁冶勒地区石炭纪花岗岩的确定及其意义

位于扬子地块西缘中段的冶勒花岗岩体 ,为钾质过铝质地壳重熔型S型花岗岩。在岩体中获 350± 19Ma的年龄值 ,表明其侵位时代为早石炭世 ,为攀西古裂谷孕育时期的裂前台背斜隆起阶段的产物。这一成果填补了该区早石炭世岩浆活动的空白。     

利用数字遥感图像研究长白山天池火山近代喷发规模

利用LandsatTM、ERS - 1SAR遥感图像资料 ,结合地质考察、测年资料 ,采用多源数据融合技术 ,运用GIS、正交小波变换、人工神经元网络 ,对图像进行了分类 ,研究了长白山天池火山近代喷发规模及喷发物分布特点 ,为火山灾害评价提供了重要依据     

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类石器技术与生存行为探讨

湖北郧西黄龙洞古人类遗址自2004年发现以来已进行过3次系统发掘,出土了距今约10万年的晚期智人牙齿化石、哺乳动物化石和38件石制品。文章从类型、原料、剥片技术、加工技术等方法对石制品进行综合分析。结果表明,黄龙洞古人类选择围岩内部的石英质岩脉和洞外河流形成的河卵石进行剥片和加工石器,类型包括石锤、石核、石片、石器、断块和碎屑等,个体以中小型居多;锤击法为剥片基本方法,砸击法被少量使用;石器多为片状毛坯制作而成,刮削器是石器的主要类型,此外还有手镐、砍砸器、石锥和雕刻器等,石器为锤击法单向简单加工而成。另外,结合洞穴自然环境、动物化石埋藏及考古分析等证据,探讨了古人类于更新世晚期对黄龙洞的利用方式和生存行为。     

内蒙古白乃庙铜-金-钼矿床成矿机制——来自流体包裹体和He-Ar同位素的证据

白乃庙铜-金-钼矿是华北板块北缘中段一个重要矿床,其矿化特征既显示斑岩型蚀变特征,同时又表现出明显的后期造山作用改造的特点。本次研究通过系统的流体包裹体显微测温、激光拉曼和气液相色谱分析揭示其成矿流体为中—低温、中低盐度的CO_2(CO)-H_2O-CH_4(C_2H_2+C_2H_4)-NaCl-CaCl_2体系,流体混合作用和CO_2逃逸为成矿主要因素。富还原性流体的存在可能促使气相流体携带大量的Cu、Au等成矿元素迁移至较远点的白乃庙群地层,沿着片理或裂隙沉淀成矿。对不同成矿阶段矿石中黄铁矿的He-Ar同位素组成测试结果显示白乃庙矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值在0.06~0.71Ra之间,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值为375.5~1436.3,指示成矿体系由不同性质和组成的两个端元流体混合而成,即混入了类似于MORB型地幔端元的高温高盐度流体和富含地壳放射成因氦但具有空气氩同位素组成特征的低温大气降水。白乃庙矿床属受后期造山作用改造的斑岩型铜-金-钼矿床,形成于古亚洲洋板块持续向南俯冲背景。