浙东白垩纪双峰式火山岩Sr、Nd同位素组成及其成因意义

浙东白垩纪火山岩以发育双峰式岩石组合为特征,其成因一直是有争议的问题。本文从其两端元岩石——玄武岩和流纹岩的Sr,Nd同位素特征出发,论证了玄武岩起源于经过俯冲来源的物质交代(或混染)的富集型地幔楔,流纹岩主要由古老变质基底重熔生成,并与玄武岩岩浆发生过低度混合。在混合过程中,玄武岩的Sr同位素组成基本未受到影响,Nd同位素组成可能发生一定的变化;流纹岩的Sr同位素组成则有明显改变。     

华北强震地形变及重力前兆特征与孕震机理

通过分析华北地区强震地形变及重务前兆特征,发现震前在较大范围内存在与构造密切相关的动力不过程;在震中区介质状态发生变化。在此基础上提出了改进的组合－硬化模式：调整单元的运动,牵动较大范围构造运动的加及断层两侧深层介质密度变化;应力集中单元由于能量的不断积累,介质出现硬化过程。上述机理形成了前兆的各个阶段。     

Study on seismic numerical model on the Chinese mainland and its vicinity

IntroductionSeismicprocessisextremelycomplicatedjustashasbeenprovedbytheeallhquakepredictionpractice.Thecomplexityofseismicprocessmainlydisplaystheinhomogeneityofseismicspace-timedistribution.Therearealotoffactorscausingthecomplexity,includingthemediumofseismicsource,themechanicalprocessofseismicsource,mutualeffectofgroupseismicactivity,andsoon.Studyontheseismicactivitylawstillremainsinalowlevel,especiallyintheaspectofseismicoccurrenceprocess.Manyscholarstrytostudytheseismicactivebehavioringr…     

Simulating and mapping the risk of surge floods in multiple typhoon scenarios: a case study of Yuhuan County,Zhejiang Province,China

We propose a scenario-based method for simulating and mapping the risk of surge floods for use by local authorities concerned with public safety and urban planning in coastal areas. Focusing on the triad of hazard, vulnerability and adaptation capability, we estimate the comprehensive risk and display its spatial distribution using the raster calculation tool in ArcGIS. The detailed methodology is introduced via a case study of Yuhuan, an island county in Zhejiang Province, China, which is frequently affected by typhoon storm surges. First, we designed 24 typhoon scenarios and modeled the flood process in each scenario using the hydrodynamic module of MIKE 21. Second, flood depth and area were used for hazard assessment; an authorized indicator system of land use categories and a survey of emergency shelters were used for vulnerability and adaptation capability assessment, respectively; and a quantified model was used for assessment of the comprehensive risk. Lastly, we used the GIS raster calculation tool for mapping the risk of storm surges in multiple typhoon scenarios. Our principal findings are as follows: (1) Seawalls are more likely to be overtopped or destroyed by more severe storm surges with increasing typhoon intensity. (2) Most of the residential areas with inadequate emergency shelters are highly vulnerable to flood events. (3) As projected in the risk mapping, if an exceptional typhoon with a central pressure of 915 or 925 hPa made a landfall in Yuhuan, a wide range of areas would be flooded and at high risk. (4) Determining optimal strategies based on identification of risk-inducing factors is the most effective way of promoting safe and sustainable development in coastal cities.     

气汞的第一个同震效应记录

利用杭州超距科技有限公司最近研发的ATG-6138型测汞仪在云南省弥勒井气汞（Hg）观测中记录到尼泊尔8.1级地震的同震效应。这是我国气汞观测的第一个同震效应的纪录。这一事实表明了进一步提升地震地下流体化学量观测仪器的观测精度与采样率,有可能记录到固体潮与同震效应等更多的地壳动力作用信息,从而进一步提升其地震前兆监测能力。     

Establishing absorbed energy spectra—an attenuation approach

For energy‐based seismic design, energy demand in the form of absorbed energy spectra was established by an attenuation relationship. The absorbed energy is proposed for evaluating the energy demand in an inelastic system because the absorbed energy is directly related to the pseudo‐velocity in the elastic case. Based on a total of 273 ground motion records from 15 significant earthquakes in California, an attenuation relationship of the absorbed energy was established from a two‐stage non‐linear regression analysis. This relationship was established for a given earthquake magnitude, source‐to‐site distance, site class, and ductility factor. A similar expression for the normalized absorbed energy was also developed. This study showed that the absorbed energy for near‐field ground motions can be significantly larger than that predicted by the attenuation relationship for normal ground motions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ADULT DRAGONFLY COMMUNITIES IN TROPICAL RIVERS OF THE NORTHERN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA： SPECIES COMPOSITION, BIOTOPE AND HOST PLANT PREFERRENCES

1INTRODUCTION Manyfactorshavebeenlinkedwithobserved patternsofodonatediversity.Eachhabitatisdifferent andpresentsitsownopportunitiesforexploitationby welladaptedspecies(Krebs,1989).Theyaresensi tiveresponderstonewlycreatedphysicalandtogether withphysiogra…     

DO4事件的精确定年及亚旋回特征: 来自福建龙岩仙云洞石笋的证据*

DO4事件(Dansgaard-Oeschger event 4,简称DO4事件)是发生在MIS3阶段后期的1次明显升温事件。根据福建仙云洞石笋(编号XYⅢ-28)300~500 mm层段6个高精度²³⁰Th年龄和188个氧同位素数据,获得了29.13~27.94 kyrB.P.时期平均分辨率达7 yr的东亚夏季风强度的演变过程数据。该石笋 δ¹⁸O 记录的DO4事件起止时间为28.83±0.06~28.46±0.06 kyr B.P.,持续时间为0.37±0.06 kyr。相对基于GICC05年层计数时标NGRIP冰芯 δ¹⁸O 记录在DO4开始阶段的突变特征,仙云洞石笋记录的DO4事件开始阶段 δ¹⁸O 值在145±60 yr内偏负0.4‰,表现为相对缓慢的变化特征,这说明仙云洞所处的中国东南沿海地区有可能受到热带低纬海气耦合的影响。此外,仙云洞石笋 δ¹⁸O 记录揭示了在DO4事件内部及附近存在一系列的百年至十年际尺度夏季风增强事件,与格陵兰冰芯 δ¹⁸O 记录、阿拉伯海海盆反照率记录的DO4事件亚旋回结构在定年误差范围内相对应,表明东亚夏季风强度与北高纬温度变化和ITCZ(赤道辐合带)位置移动在百年至十年际尺度上存在紧密的联系。     

陕西泾阳南塬滑坡干湿黄土快速大剪切力学特性

借助于先进的多功能大型高速高压环剪试验机,针对陕西泾阳南塬滑坡中的饱和黄土、干燥黄土在快速大剪切位移条件下的力学响应特性进行了环剪试验研究。研究结果表明:1)在相同试验条件下,与干燥状态黄土相比,泾阳南塬黄土在饱和条件下抗剪强度指标降低。2)在连续快速剪切条件下,泾阳南塬滑坡饱和与干燥黄土均表现出应变软化特征,饱和黄土比干燥黄土的软化特征更加显著。3)在相同法向应力条件下,剪切速率对饱和和干燥黄土峰值强度均有显著影响,但两种状态下土体峰值强度随剪切速率变化特征不同。饱和黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而增大,而干燥黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而减小。4)在不同含水状态下,泾阳南塬滑坡黄土剪切力学特性变化规律具有不同的产生机理。其中,干燥黄土抗剪强度在连续剪切过程中主要受黏土颗粒间摩擦(阻)力、颗粒运移与定向排列以及剪切面形态的控制。与干燥黄土相比,饱和黄土峰值抗剪强度变化主要受土黏聚力的控制并受水的影响;土体内水的作用能够加剧其应变软化程度并可形成光滑平整的剪切面形态,进而对其峰后剪切应力变化产生影响。     

我国地震地下流体观测台网调整与优化方案探讨

本文首先简要介绍了我国地震地下流体观测台网的现状,然后针对其存在的主要问题提出了调整与优化的建议: ① 调整布局,重点加强我国中西部地区(105°E以西)的监测; ② 扩大规模,观测井(泉)数要达到1000个左右; ③ 全面提高观测井质量,淘汰不符合规范要求的观测井(泉),改造不完全符合规范要求的观测井,新建一批完全符合规范的观测井; ④ 优化观测项目的组合,大力发展观测井(泉)水流量观测,强化以H₂、 He、 CO₂等为主测项的断层带土壤气观测,建立断层带土壤气观测网; ⑤ 优化现有的观测模式,开展平面上的台阵式观测与垂向的多层次立体化观测; ⑥ 完善与提升现有数字化观测技术水平.