Haze trends over the capital cities of 31 provinces in China, 1981–2005

This paper presents the patterns and trends of haze over 31 provincial capitals in China between 1980 and 2005. The haze measurements were based on human visual range observations at 31 synoptic meteorological stations operated by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The high haze regions were found in largely populated cities such as Chongqing, Beijing, and Shenyang, while the low haze regions were located in the cities with small populations such as Lhasa, Kunming, and Guiyang in southwestern China and Haikou in southern China. The haziness of the 12 cities shows a significantly (95%) decreasing trend, while that of the 13 cities shows a significantly increasing trend over the 25-year study period. The increases are evident in the eastern and southwestern cities in China. It has also been found that there is a decreasing haze trend in winter but an increasing trend in summer for many cities. Nonetheless, the causality for the reduction of aerosol emissions has not been established. This report is the first survey and preliminary analysis done on haze patterns and trends from 1980 to 2005 over the capital cities of 31 provinces in Mainland China.     

西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱特征及其导水性分析

在分析区域地质特征的基础上,对西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱的数量、形态特征及分布规律进行了总结。从陷落柱的发育特征出发,对其导水条件进行了研究,认为本区岩溶陷落柱是否突水,关键取决于其是否有导水的力学薄弱通道。研究表明,本区岩溶陷落柱柱体胶结致密,后期活化程度弱,距煤层较近的峰峰组含水层的富水性弱,而煤层与上马家沟组强含水层之间隔水层厚度大,因而,在正常块段开采中,岩溶陷落柱作为集中导水通道导致重大突水的可能性较小。     

Geochemical Characteristics of the Plagiogranites in the Vicinity of Bingdaban,Central Tianshan

The tectonic and geochemical characteristics suggest that the plagiogranites exposed in the vicinity of Bingdaban on the northen margin of the central Tianshan uplift zone show a distinct mantle-source character, and their enrichment in LREE and selected enrichment in LILE(large ion lithophile elements)reflect a setting related to an arc tectonic regime.These rocks represent the products formed at shallow levels from mantle-derived magmas modified with subduction components(or super crustal rocks).     

中国大陆及其周边地区构造应力场的数值计算及其在地震活动性解释上的应用

利用粘弹性有限元模型,采用最新发表的边界位移速率结果,对中国大陆及其邻区的基本构造应力场进行了数值模拟．主要内容有:最大剪应力及其变化速率的模拟、最大剪应变及其变化速率的模拟和剪应变能密度及其变化速率的模拟．针对中国大陆及其邻区地震活动在时空分布上高度不均匀之特点,将中国大陆东西部地震能量释放进行归一化处理,即得到归一化的本底能量值,并将模拟结果与实际地震活动进行对比．结果表明,用上述模拟结果可以较好地解释中国大陆及其邻区地震分布的特点．      

降雨对深井水位动态的影响

本文根据我国地震地下水动态观测网中降雨对深井水位动态影响状况的普查与在北京、福建汤坑与黑龙江尚志等三个典型地区的现场观测试验的结果,讨论了降雨对深井水位年动态影响的类型、特征与模型及其影响因素、机理等,并依此探讨了我国震例中与降雨有关的三种异常的判据与信度问题。     

水震波异常与中期强震危险性关系初探

近年来在我国井网中发现某些强震之前井水位记震特性的异常现象。本文根据理论分析、试验研究与井网中统计结果提出水震波异常与区域应力状态的变化之间可能存在着一定关系,然后广泛收集了华北地区15口井水位1985—1991年间的水震波资料并系统分析了1989年10月19日大同—阳高M_s6.1地震前后井水位记震特性的变化,确认强震前存在着水震波异常。     

福建省地震前兆数字台网中心技术构成

本文以“九五”期间福建省地震前兆台网中心建设为主线,简要介绍数字化前兆数据的采集、汇集、处理、存储全过程。以期能作为福建省地震前兆数字化台网进一步建设经验积累,使之更好地在地震监测预报中发挥作用。     

TOXICITY OF TWO HERBICIDES 2,4 -D DIMETHYLAMINE AND BENSULFURON METHYL TO RICE FIELD CHIRONOMUS KIIENSIS (TOKUNAGA) ( DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)

1 INTRODUCTIONRice field is a unique man -made wetland envi-ronment where many varieties of aquatic insects oc-curred ( Ali, Ahmad, 1988; Yamazaki,et al,2001a; Che Salmah, Abu Hassan, 2002). Duringrice cultivation in Malaysia, herbicides are used in-tensi…     

Cyclic tests of post‐tensioned precast CFT segmental bridge columns with unbonded strands

Two ungrouted post‐tensioned, precast concrete‐filled tube (CFT) segmental bridge columns were tested under lateral cyclic loading to evaluate the seismic performance of the column details. The specimens included a load stub, four equal‐height circular CFT segments, and a footing. Strands were placed through the column and post‐tensioned to provide a precompression of the column against the footing. One specimen also contained energy‐dissipating devices at the base to increase the hysteretic energy. The test results showed that (1) both specimens could develop the maximum flexural strength at the design drift and achieve 6% drift with small strength degradation and residual displacement, (2) the proposed energy‐dissipating device could increase energy dissipation in the hysteresis loops, and (3) the CFT segmental columns rotated not only about the base but also about the interface above the bottom segment. This study proposed and verified a method to estimate the experimental flexural displacement using two plastic hinges in the segmental column. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下流体动态的观测环境干扰影响距离研究

根据我国地震地下流体动态干扰因素及其影响的调研结果,以井区水文地质条件分区,观测含水层性分类与渗透性分级为基础,研究了各类干扰源的影响距离,给出了干扰源与观测井间的最小距离即干扰源的最大影响距离,为地震台站观测环境保护提供了标准。