临沂中尺度数值预报系统及应用

介绍了临沂中尺度数值预报系统及预报产品的释用和模式系统应用雷达资料情况,并对2005年6~10月的业务运行结果进行了检验,对小雨和中雨预报效果较好,TS评分较高,对夜间温度预报平均值绝对误差在1.52~2.52℃之间,平均均方根误差在2.01~2.93℃之间。该系统降水预报质量较高,气温预报误差小,准确率高,对定时、定点、定量的精细化预报具有较高的参考价值。应用自主开发的SDAF软件包,对系统的预报产品进行释用,研制了暴雨、空气质量、极端气温、干热风等预报方法。将多普勒雷达回波强度加入模式,改变模式水汽场,明显改进了预报。对径向速度反演降水系统内部风场进入中尺度模式进行了初步试验,得出了一些有益结论。     

海岸地形作用在青岛一次晚秋暴雨过程中的数值模拟分析

利用常规资料和卫星、雷达观测,分析了2004年11月9日至10日山东青岛地区一次暴雨的中尺度结构特征,并在初步分析的基础上进行了数值模拟和地形的敏感性对比试验,结果表明:此次暴雨是冷锋前暖区的浅层对流性强降水;西太平洋的水汽是这次暴雨的主要水汽源;模式对这次强降水具有较强的模拟能力;海岸地形作用所产生的次级环流和中尺度重力波,可能是这次对流性强降水的触发机制,同时对这次降水有很大的增幅作用。     

Discharge prediction using hydraulic characteristics of mean velocity equation

Discharge is an important factor in river design for water utilization, water control and hydraulic structures; therefore, an accurate estimation of the discharge is required. At present, a rating curve depicting the relationship between a stage and discharge is used to calculate the discharge from river systems. Although the rating curve has an advantage in that it can predict and use the discharge during the flood season in which the measurement is difficult, there is room for improvement as it does not reflect the hydraulic characteristics of rivers. Therefore, in this study, discharge was predicted using the convenient calculation method with empirical mediating variables of the Manning and Chezy equations which were proposed by the author’s previous research as a new methodology for estimating discharge in an open channel. This was proven, based on the data measured in a meandering open channel system in a lab at the Mississippi River in the US and at the Columbia Del Dique Canal, and an accuracy level at a coefficient of 0.8 was demonstrated. Thus, this method, which reflects the hydraulic characteristics and predicts the discharge in a simple manner, is expected to be convenient in practice.     

西藏得几蛇绿岩体中玻安岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

西藏日喀则蛇绿岩是我国发育最好的蛇绿岩之一，目前有关日喀则蛇绿岩形成的构造背景存在多种不同的认识。作者在研究得几蛇绿岩剖面时发现存在玻安岩，从而为日喀则蛇绿岩具有弧前背景提供了直接证据。得几蛇绿岩中玻安岩类样品具有高硅、高镁、低铁的特征，岩石中Zr、Yb和Y的含量也较低，具有明显的玻安岩特征。根据这些岩石的地球化学性质，认为岩石是由早期经历过较高程度的部分熔融的残余在含水条件下再发生部分熔融形成的。得几蛇绿杂岩体部分形成于弧前环境。     

DT—1016型阴离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯

研究了DT－1016型阴离子交换树脂对超痕量Au,Pt,Pd的吸附性能及条件。在0.025mol/L HCl介质中，流出速度为0.5-1.0mL/min时，Au,Pt和Pd的富集效果最佳，吸附率分别为99.72％，99.06％和97.95％，共存离子无显著性影响。用等离子体质谱测定标准物质中Au，Pt和Pd，其结果与标准值基本相符。检出限Au为0.27μg/L，Pt为0.40μg/L，Pd为0.19μg／L。对GBW 07294铂族元素国家标准物质进行精密度试验，RSD（n=8）Au为19．2％，Pt为28.1％，Pd为15.6％。     

鲁中山区地形对山东省一次暴雨影响的敏感性数值模拟试验

利用PSU/NCAR MM5V3中尺度数值模式进行了鲁中山区地形对一次台风暴雨的数值模拟敏感性试验,结果分析表明:鲁中山区地形作用对山东省暴雨有重要影响,迎风坡可引起低层气流和水汽的辐合上升运动增强,降水量增加,但偏北气流在迎风坡的水汽辐合不明显,降水量影响不大;山顶引起低层辐合上升运动减弱,辐散下沉运动增强,降水量减小;背风坡引起低层气流和水汽的辐合上升运动增强,降水量增加。     

水--煤层气两相流体在煤层中的渗流规律

采用煤体承受有效应力、水-气混合流动及固一流相互作用的基本原理，建立了煤层气开采过程中水-煤层气两相流渗的基本方程，通过自行设计的实验装置，测定了煤层中水-煤层气共同流动时的两相流体的流量，渗透率及随水的饱和度变化关系，并据此模拟出了反映水-煤层气渗透基本规律，从而为煤层气开采提供了理论基础。     

The free vibration analysis of submerged cantilever plates

Based on empirical added mass formulation, this work presents a simple procedure to determine the vibration frequencies and mode shapes of submerged cantilever plates. Once the added mass formulation is derived, the procedure can be used to analyze free vibration response easily. An analytical and numerical study is also performed for the vibrations of cantilever plates in air and in water, with these results compared with experimental and numerical data from pertinent literature. Besides, the frequency parameters of the submerged plate for various aspect ratios and thickness ratios are given in design data sheet form and are appropriate for engineering design applications.     

基于Hoek-Brown准则的节理岩体能量参数估算

岩体变形和破坏可以看作能量耗散和释放的过程.由于节理岩体结构复杂且难以开展室内试验,因此无法通过试验直接求取其能量学参数.基于Hoek-Brown准则和岩石能量理论,提出了节理岩体在临界状态能量学参数的估算方法.针对含贯通节理(或层面)岩体,通过修正岩块单轴抗压强度以体现贯通节理的方向效应.采用PFC3D分别模拟小尺寸岩样(Φ50mm×100mm)和大尺寸岩体(Φ2m×2m)的三轴压缩试验,通过岩石三轴试验结果拟合岩石数值模拟的细观参数并应用于节理岩体的模拟.根据节理岩体模拟得到应力应变曲线和能量流,验证了Hoek-Brown准则对节理岩体能量参数估算的合理性.     

Use of stable water isotopes to assess sources and influences of slope groundwater on slope failure

This study employs stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes as natural tracers to assess the headwater of a landslide next to a drainage divide and the importance of the slope's headwater in the study area. The study is undertaken near Wu‐She Township in the mountains of central Taiwan. Because a reservoir is located on the other side of the divide, this study evaluates the relationship between the reservoir water and headwater of the landslide as well. Over a 1‐year period, water samples from September 2008 to September 2009, including local precipitation (LP), Wu‐She Reservoir's water (WSRW), slope groundwater (SGW), upper‐reach stream water (USTW), and down‐reach stream water (DSTW), were analysed for deuterium (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) stable isotopes. Results indicate that WSRW is the predominant component in SGW: approximately 70% of SGW originates from WSRW and 30% from LP based on a two end‐member mass‐balance mixing model for δ¹⁸O. The similar two end‐member mixing model is also employed to assess the contributions of USTW and SGW to DSTW. Model results indicate that SGW is the major source of DSTW with a contribution of about 67%. Accordingly, about 47% of DSTW sources from the WSRW. In short, owing to reservoir leakage, WSRW contributes the greater part of both SGW and DSTW. Plentiful WSRW in SGW threatens the stability of the slope in the divide area. To avoid subsequent continuous slope failure, necessary mitigation steps are required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.