陕北一次秋季连阴雨过程的天气动力学分析

利用常规气象观测资料,对2008年12月20日-22日运城出现的寒潮大风天气过程,从高空、地面天气形势以及物理量场进行了综合分析。结果表明：本次寒潮属于贝湖横槽迅速转竖型,冷高压及冷锋迅速南下,导致寒潮爆发。物理量场上,横槽前有正涡度中心和强烈的上升运动,槽后负涡度及强烈的下沉运动使得横槽迅速转竖;自下而上强的垂直风切变,使得高空风动量下传,巨大的水平气压梯度和变压差,引起地面大风。     

不同性质降水发生前退偏振比的激光雷达探测

利用微脉冲偏振激光雷达对三次不同降水性质的云在降水发生前的退偏系数进行探测,对照分析同步观测的多普勒天气雷达垂直剖面图,结果表明激光雷达对云的退偏振比探测具有较高的可靠性,三次降水过程的退偏振比峰值随降水时间的逼近从高层逐步下降,退偏振比大于0.2的峰值一般出现在5 km以上的高层,2～6 km的退偏振比多维持在0.1～0.15之间,2 km以下退偏振比都小于0.1,且始终没有明显变化.     

Modeling large-scale instabilities in the Kuroshio extension

Large-scale instabilities of mid-latitude jets (with continuous horizontal and vertical shear) are studied using a long wave approximation, which is valid for disturbances of length scales greater than the internal Rossby radius of deformation. These large-scale instabilities are abundant in the Kuroshio Extension according to observations. Results show westward propagation if the total transport is westward (although the jet near surface is eastward). Large-scale instabilities gain energy from the release of available potential energy, but lose part of the gain to the mean flow by reinforcing the eastward jet near surface. The Reynolds stress tends to be positive north of the jet and negative south of the jet through all depths, which is consistent with observations.     

Characterization of drying-induced deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay and tuff in no-stress regime

The drying-induced deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay and tuff, which are being investigated under international and local collaborative projects for nuclear waste disposal in Switzerland and Japan, was investigated under a no-stress condition in the laboratory to evaluate their generic susceptibility to the formation of excavation damaged zone. The cylindrical core samples of Opalinus Clay and tuff were prepared to a one-dimensional drying condition and submitted to an uncontrolled laboratory environment. The strain evolution, evaporative water loss and environmental entities, such as temperature and relative humidity, were recorded simultaneously and quasi-continuously. It was observed that the drying phase induced significant strain magnitude and damage in Opalinus Clay samples, which was evidenced by the formation of hairy cracks on the surface parallel to the bedding. On the contrary, the strain occurrences in tuff samples were relatively insignificant, and no tendency of cracking was observed. In addition, the quasi-continuous availability of volumetric strains was further used in poroelastic relation for the estimation of capillary suction evolution. The calculated results were validated with pore size distributions obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry.     

在VB6.0环境下实现自动成柱状图

介绍了利用ADO技术访问数据库，同时对VB调用Windows API方面进行阐述。通过两者结合来实现钻孔自动成图，从而大大地提高野外工作效率。     

海底取样技术发展现状及工作原理概述 ——海底取样技术专题之一

从海底取样的意义和取样器的分类入手，阐述了国外海底取样器的发展现状及其工作原理，包括非可控式的冲击式，压入，射入式，吸入式；可控式的气动，液动冲击式，振动式，回转式等。     

基于Apollo15月壤和普通球粒与碳质球粒陨石模拟实验的太空风化特征产物成因分析

月球、小行星等无大气行星体具有独特的反射光谱太空风化改造特征,其成因主要被归结于纳米级—亚微米级不透明颗粒等太空风化特征产物。本研究结合Apollo返回月壤样品、普通球粒和碳质球粒陨石样品的模拟实验结果,综合分析了太空风化特征产物的来源和成因,并讨论了其可能的光谱效应。研究结果表明,np-Fe⁰(纳米级单质金属铁)是铁镁硅酸盐等矿物经过微陨石轰击引起的气化沉积作用和原位还原作用形成。np-FeNi(纳米级铁镍金属)的成因主要包括FeNi金属和陨硫铁的气化沉积与冲击分散成因。np-FeNiS(纳米级铁镍金属的硫化物)和sm-FeNiS(亚微米级铁镍金属的硫化物)主要形成于陨硫铁的冲击分散过程。上述不透明颗粒是形成月球与S型小行星紫外—近红外波段光谱反射率降低、特征吸收峰减弱和连续统红移等特征的主要原因。气泡结构主要形成于层状硅酸盐等矿物在微陨石轰击过程中的挥发分逃逸,推测是含水量较高的小行星(如Bennu)紫外-近红外波段光谱反射率增加和连续统蓝移等特征的主要成因。实验结果预期对月球与小行星返回样品分析以及反射光谱的太空风化改造特征的解释提供一定的参考。