Assessing Performance of Tomo-SAR and Backscattering Coefficient for Hemi-Boreal Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation

Tomo-SAR technique has been used for hemi-boreal forest height and further forest biomass estimation through allometric equation. Backscattering coefficient especially in longer wavelength (L- or P-band) is thought as a useful parameter for hemi-boreal forest biomass retrieval. The aim of this paper is to assess the performance of vertical backscattering power and backscattering coefficient for hemi-boreal forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation with airborne P-band data. The test site locates in southern Sweden called Remningstorp test site, and the in-situ forest AGB ranges from 14 t/ha to 245 t/ha at stand level. Multi-baseline P-band Pol-InSAR data in repeat-path mode collected during March and May in 2007 at Remningstorp test site was used. We found that the correlation coefficient (R) between backscattering coefficient of P-band HH polarization and the in-situ forest biomass reached 0.87. The R for P-band VV backscattering power at 5 m is 0.71 and 10 m is 0.72. Backscattering coefficient in HH polarization and vertical backscattering power at 5 m and 10 m were applied to construct a model for hemi-boreal forest AGB estimation by backward step-wise regression and cross-validation approach. The results showed that the estimated forest AGB ranges from 19 to 240 t/ha, and the constructed model obtained a higher R and smaller RMSE, the value of R is 0.91, RMSE is 30.43 t/ha at Remningstorp test site.     

背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱作用力中的影响

本文首先采用GK-dV方程,在考虑背景流和未考虑背景流2种情况下,对南海东北部向西传播的大振幅内孤立波进行了模拟。通过对比两组结果,发现背景流的引入,会使内孤立波的传播速度变快、波形变窄、振幅变大,以及波致流变强。然后,采用Morison’s公式计算了内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力和力矩,通过对比,发现在引入背景流后,作用力和力矩均变大,作用力增大9.0%,力矩增大32.5%,因此背景流在内孤立波对小直径桩柱的作用力中有着重要的影响。     

南海北部琼东南盆地陵水段峡谷沉积建造及勘探意义

琼东南盆地中央峡谷为一大型轴向峡谷体系,具有明显的"分段性"特征,不同区段沉积充填和内部结构均存在明显的差异,其中陵水段位于峡谷西段,具有非常好的储层物性特征,是深水区峡谷勘探的重点区域。为了进一步精细刻画陵水段峡谷内部水道复合体的沉积充填及沉积微相展布特征,本文借助新增加的三维地震资料和新钻井资料,通过峡谷三级层序界面的识别,将峡谷充填划分为3个三级层序SQ1、SQ2和SQ3,并通过古生物有孔虫化石带、钙质超微化石带及井-震结合确定了峡谷底界为中中新世晚期S40界面,陵水段峡谷自西向东依次识别出6种主要的内部充填结构,且将SQ3层序细分为5个次级层序(SSQ1~SSQ5);结合属性特征,精细刻画了陵水段峡谷内沉积微相平面展布及空间演化特征,并指出点砂坝在SSQ1层序最发育,且规模较大,横向上连片分布,将是下步勘探的有利储集体。     

内蒙古翁公敖包航磁异常的推断与解释

文章对内蒙古四子王旗—土默特右旗中北部近年发现的翁公敖包航磁异常进行推断与解释,在对找矿有望的航磁异常进行筛选后,对翁公敖包航磁异常进行了野外地质-地球物理查证,确定异常为铁矿所致;采用向上延拓、垂向导数、斜导数及小波变换等方法对航磁异常进行数据转换处理,以获取铁矿体的横向及纵向分布信息,取得了较好的效果。     

Evolution and changes of permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the Late Quaternary

Due to the uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP), the cryosphere gradually developed on the higher mountain summits after the Neocene, becoming widespread during the Late Quaternary. During this time, permafrost on the QTP experienced repeated expansion and degradation. Based on the remains and cross-correlation with other proxy records such as those from glacial landforms, ice-core and paleogeography, the evolution and changes of permafrost and environmental changes on the QTP during the past 150,000 years were deduced and are presented in this paper. At least four obvious cycles of the extensive and intensive development, expansion and decay of permafrost occurred during the periods of 150–130, 80–50, 30–14 and after 10.8 ka B.P.. During the Holocene, fluctuating climatic environments affected the permafrost on the QTP, and the peripheral mountains experienced six periods of discernible permafrost changes:(1) Stable development of permafrost in the early Holocene(10.8 to 8.5–7.0 ka B.P.);(2) Intensive permafrost degradation during the Holocene Megathermal Period(HMP, from 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka B.P.);(3) Permafrost expansion during the early Neoglacial period(ca. 4,000–3,000 to 1,000 a B.P.);(4) Relative degradation during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP, from 1,000 to 500 a B.P.);(5) Expansion of permafrost during the Little Ice Age(LIA, from 500 to 100 a B.P.);(6) Observed and predicted degradation of permafrost during the 20 th and 21 st century. Each period differed greatly in paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and permafrost distribution, thickness, areal extent, and ground temperatures, as well as in the development of periglacial phenomena. Statistically, closer dating of the onset permafrost formation, more identification of permafrost remains with richer proxy information about paleoenvironment, and more dating information enable higher resolution for paleo-permafrost reconstruction. Based on the scenarios of persistent climate warming of 2.2～2.6 °C in the next 50 years, and in combination of the monitored trends of climate and permafrost changes, and model predictions suggest an accelerated regional degradation of plateau permafrost. Therefore, during the first half of the 21 st century, profound changes in the stability of alpine ecosystems and hydro(geo)logical environments in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers may occur. The foundation stability of key engineering infrastructures and sustainable economic development in cold regions on the QTP may be affected.     

2015年7月3日新疆皮山M_S6.5级地震震害特征分析

2015年7月3日新疆皮山M_S6.5级地震灾区地处塔里木盆地南缘,该地自然条件恶劣,经济极为落后,灾区农村的民房除了抗震安居工程建设的房屋外,还有大量抗震性能较差的民居,在地震中受损严重,经济损失较大。灾区大部分位于山前溢出带,地下水位浅、地基土层软弱等场地条件对地震动有放大作用,震害影响范围较大。灾后重建中应继续加大安居富民工程的经费投入力度。灾区北部人口密集,地基土层软弱,工程地质条件差,建议在今后的安居富民建设中加强地基处理。     

中国旅游业碳减排潜力的空间关联网络结构及其影响因素

基于2000—2018年中国省际面板数据,利用“自下而上”法和Super-SBM模型测度30个省（区、市）的旅游业碳减排潜力,借助修正的引力模型和社会网络分析方法探究其空间关联网络特征及影响因素。结果表明：①中国旅游业碳减排潜力的空间关联日趋紧密,网络密度和网络关联数呈增长态势,网络效率和网络等级度呈下降态势;②东部区域在空间关联网络中居于核心位置,对降低旅游业碳减排潜力所需要素的掌控与支配能力较强;西部区域在网络中居于边缘位置,难以影响和控制其他省（区、市）;③北京、天津、江苏和上海属于“净受益”板块,广东、浙江和福建属于“经纪人”板块,吉林、内蒙古等23省（区、市）属于“净溢出”板块;④空间邻接关系、经济发展水平差异、产业结构差异、技术创新水平差异和旅游业人数规模差异共同驱动着中国旅游业碳减排潜力空间关联网络结构的形成与演化。     

银额盆地哈日凹陷油气成藏条件及成藏模式

近年来,银额盆地哈日凹陷的油气勘探呈现出良好的态势,但对于哈日凹陷油气成藏条件相关研究甚少,已不能满足目前油气勘探开发的需求。本研究基于钻录井、地球物理、分析化验等资料,系统分析哈日凹陷油气成藏的烃源岩、储层、圈闭等条件,总结油气成藏条件配置关系,以期为哈日凹陷的后续油气勘探及地质研究提供依据。哈日凹陷主要发育三套烃源岩,其中银根组烃源岩有机质丰度极高,成熟度较低,有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型;巴二段烃源岩有机质丰度较高,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型;巴一段烃源岩有机质丰度中等,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型。储层类型为砂（砾）岩常规储层、碳酸质泥岩非常规储层和火山岩储层,且均属于特低孔超低渗储层,其中砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层物性最好,白云岩储层和火成岩储层次之,目前主力油藏主要集中在砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层这两种类型中。哈日凹陷主要发育两套岩性圈闭,即巴一段砂岩岩性圈闭和巴二段泥岩岩性圈闭,形成了源内（准）连续成藏模式和近源不连续成藏模式。     

台湾海峡西北部表层沉积物中有孔虫分布对沿岸上升流存在的响应

对台湾海峡西北部福建平潭岛附近海域337个表层沉积物样品中的有孔虫进行分析鉴定,研究结果表明浮游有孔虫优势种Globigerinoides sacculifer、G.ruber、Globigerina bulloides的分布及底栖有孔虫组合受到不同水团的影响。根据浮游有孔虫上升流指示种G.bulloides、底栖有孔虫组合和高营养盐深水种的分布特征,对研究区受夏季沿岸上升流的影响范围和程度进行评估。研究区沿岸上升流主要分布于东南部水深大于40 m的海域及平潭岛东部水深20 m附近,最远可达水深低于10 m的海湾内部分区域,但强度相对减弱,水深较浅的陆地和岛屿边缘附近未受沿岸上升流影响。平潭岛东北部到南日岛西南部水深10~30 m部分区域由于受到冬季浙闽沿岸流的影响,沿岸上升流在该区域的沉积记录缺失。     

Sea surface temperature and salinity reconstruction based on stable isotopes and Mg/Ca of planktonic foraminifera in the western Pacific Warm Pool during the last 155 ka

Changes in sea surface temperature(SST), seawater oxygen isotope(δ 18 O sw), and local salinity proxy(δ 18 O sw-ss) in the past 155 ka were studied using a sediment core(MD06-3052) from the northern edge of the western Pacifi c Warm Pool(WPWP), within the fl ow path of the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current. Our records reveal a lead-lag relationship between paired Mg/Ca-SST and δ 18 O during Termination II and the last interglacial period. Similarity in SST between our site and the Antarctic temperature proxy and in CO 2 profi le showed a close connection between the WPWP and the Antarctic. Values of δ 18 O sw exhibited very similar variations to those of mean ocean δ 18 O sw, owing to the past sea-level changes on glacial-interglacial timescale. Calculated values of δ 18 O sw-ss refl ect a more saline condition during high local summer insolation(SI) periods. Such correspondence between δ 18 O sw-ss and local SI in the WPWP may refl ect complex interaction between ENSO and monsoon, which was stimulated by changes in solar irradiance and their infl uence on the local hydrologic cycle. This then caused a striking reorganization of atmospheric circulation over the WPWP.