Background Seismicity and Its Application to Seismic Hazard Assessment in the North China Region

The historical earthquake activity is intense in the North China region. However, no middle-sized earthquakes have occurred in the last decades in the region since the MS6.2 earthquake in the Zhangbei region in 1998. The quiescence of moderate and strong earthquakes is quite prominent in North China. In this paper, we use small earthquake records in 1970~2009 to study background seismic activity in the North China region. The spatial distributions of seismic parameters are presented, including b-value, the maximum magnitude and annual occurrence probability of earthquakes of M≥6.0. Our results show regions with low b-value that include the Yuncheng region in the Shanxi rift, the Suqian region located in the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and the Shijiazhuang region in the Taihangshan block. Our analysis on the synthetic spatial pattern of seismicity indicate that seismicity in the North China region is mainly affected by the regional dynamic factors of deep structures.     

青海乌兰盆地东缘断裂带的新活动特征

在青海乌兰盆地东缘山前冲洪积扇上新发现了一条长约 2 2km的逆冲断裂带 ,该断裂带是NNW向的鄂拉山右旋走滑断裂带北段西侧的次级挤压构造。其新活动受主断裂带的制约和影响 ,地貌上表现为明显的正向断层陡坎。晚更新世以来其垂直滑动速率为 0 11～ 0 17mm/a ,全新世晚期的垂直滑动速率为 0 35mm/a。综合探槽剖面及断层陡坎年代可以确定四次古地震事件 ,其年代分别为距今 2 4 6 5 0± 85 0a、 14 2 0 0± 70 0a、 5 2 0 0±5 2 0a和 2 2 5 0± 380a ,古地震活动具有不均匀性。     

不同植物凋落物对土壤有机碳淋失的影响及岩溶效应

以低含量有机碳的岩溶土壤（SOC, 0.89%）为媒介,每150g上添加松针、梧桐叶粉各 7.5g,15g,4个试验土柱号分别为SCC3,SCC5;SBC3,SBC5,接种岩溶土壤微生物群落后,于 恒温室内进行培养淋溶实验。结果表明,土壤淋溶液的电导值受土壤有机质含量多少及性质 的影响。土壤水溶性有机碳（DOC）淋失总量SCC3为540.7mg,SCC5为1522.9mg;SBC3为 383.2mg,SBC5为563.5mg.同时,土壤环境中Ca2+的释放总量SCC3为145.7mg,SCC5为 288.7mg; SBC3为170.0mg,SBC5为167.9mg.两者呈正相关,相关系数r2=0.85.下伏碳酸 盐岩的溶蚀量排序为SCC5>SBC3>SCC3>SBC5,表明两种不同植物凋落物经微生物分 解,产生不同质和量的DOC,并导致土壤环境中 Ca2+释放的差异和不同的岩溶效应。从而初步揭示不同有机碳分解导致DOC淋失的差异性,以及DOC对岩溶动力系统的驱动。这与A.Heyes和T.R.Moore的研究结果一致。     

洞穴弱光带的生物岩溶

洞穴近洞口段,在弱光的作用下,生物岩溶作用也很强烈。本文介绍了我国热带亚热带地区广西龙州、天等、环江、桂林阳闻和贵州荔波等地洞穴弱光带生物岩溶溶蚀产物石刺和沉积产物向光石钟乳、洞口叠层石等的形态特征及其＾１３Ｃ值测定成果,并论证了其生物成因机理。     

塔里木盆地轮古东地区前石炭纪古岩溶微地貌及岩溶发育模式

以现代岩溶理论为指导,应用"印模与残厚组合法"恢复岩溶古地貌,在4种二级地貌类型(岩溶高地、岩溶陡坡地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地)划分的基础上,将塔里木盆地轮古东地区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌进一步划分为峰丛洼地、丘峰谷地、溶丘洼地、峰丛垄脊沟谷、峰丘洼地、丘丛垄脊沟谷、岩溶谷地、溶丘平原等8种三级地貌类型。并在垂向岩溶分带研究的基础上,明确了不同古岩溶地貌条件下的岩溶发育特征及充填机制。研究认为:岩溶高地为区域补给区,发育溶蚀裂缝和溶洞系统;岩溶陡坡地为补给-径流区,以高角度溶蚀裂缝为主;岩溶缓坡地为地下水径流区,发育暗河管道系统;岩溶盆地为排泄区,岩溶缝洞充填程度高。     

碱性环境对油松花粉保存影响实验研究

孢粉是恢复古植被、古气候的重要代用指标。然而,即使是同一时代的地层,不同地点、不同岩性提取出的花粉量差异很大,造成这些差异的原因很多,其中花粉在不同沉积环境中的保存差异是重要原因之一。本研究是在实验室内模拟自然条件下碱性环境对油松花粉(Pinus tabulaeform is)的破坏情况:煮水5小时,泡10%NaOH溶液10天,煮10%NaOH溶液5小时对油松花粉破坏都很小;煮20%和30%NaOH溶液1小时对油松花粉影响也不明显;煮40%NaOH溶液1小时,油松花粉壁出现蚀变,加热时间增至5小时,蚀变现象进一步加深。表明油松花粉具有很强的耐碱,耐高温能力。更强碱或更长时间情况下花粉蚀变情况,有待进一步研究。     

第三纪惠民盆地的沉积相和沉积大地构造演化

山东惠民盆地中所堆积的厚达7000米的第三系地层,主要是陆源碎屑沉积,其次是碳酸盐沉积。解释这些沉积物的沉积环境,显然有助于预测盆地中有利的生、储油相带。我们在分析多项指相标志的基础上,首先总结了主要沉积相的沉积序列和沉积模式,然后概略地描述了不同时期盆地中沉积相的展布,最后将盆地的构造演化与沉积特征相结合,进行沉积大地构造方面的探索。     

近百余年北京气候变化的小波特征

文中对1870～1994年北京年、季平均气温,以及1841～1994年北京年、季降水序列进行了分析和小波变换计算,对所得结果进行了宏观分析。结果表明,温度增暖期和低温期与小波波幅中心间的周期增长、波幅加强相关联。降水距平绝对值越大,相应的小波周期越长和波幅越强。即小波分析在气候变化研究中显现了年与年之间、波长与波长之间的波幅变化形态与特征,从而为了解气温和降水随着年代的变化展示了一个视窗。     

安装期单层保温管层间剪切力分析

在浅水海域,采用单层保温管结构代替双重钢管保温结构具有很好的发展应用前景,但在单层管的铺设过程中管线各层之间和保温层内将产生较大的剪应力,如何防止各层间的错动和保温层材料的剪切破坏是设计所必须解决的两个主要问题。以渤海某油田海底管线建设项目为例,根据单层保温管的结构特点,力的层间传递特性和变形协调条件,建立了单层保温管各层层间剪切力和保温层中剪应力的计算方法,为海底单层保温管的设计提供了依据。     

Intensified impact of northern tropical Atlantic SST on tropical cyclogenesis frequency over the western North Pacific after the late 1980s

Previous studies suggest that spring SST anomalies over the northern tropical Atlantic(NTA) affect the tropical cyclone(TC) activity over the western North Pacific(WNP) in the following summer and fall. The present study reveals that the connection between spring NTA SST and following summer–fall WNP TC genesis frequency is not stationary. The influence of spring NTA SST on following summer–fall WNP TC genesis frequency is weak and insignificant before, but strong and significant after, the late 1980 s. Before the late 1980 s, the NTA SST anomaly-induced SST anomalies in the tropical central Pacific are weak, and the response of atmospheric circulation over the WNP is not strong. As a result, the connection between spring NTA SST and following summer–fall WNP TC genesis frequency is insignificant in the former period. In contrast,after the late 1980 s, NTA SST anomalies induce pronounced tropical central Pacific SST anomalies through an Atlantic–Pacific teleconnection. Tropical central Pacific SST anomalies further induce favorable conditions for WNP TC genesis,including vertical motion, mid-level relative humidity, and vertical zonal wind shear. Hence, the connection between NTA SST and WNP TC genesis frequency is significant in the recent period. Further analysis shows that the interdecadal change in the connection between spring NTA SST and following summer–fall WNP TC genesis frequency may be related to the climatological SST change over the NTA region.