Simulation of Lake-Groundwater Interaction under Steady-State Flow

MODFLOW is one of the most popular groundwater simulation tools available; however, the development of lake modules that can be coupled with MODFLOW is lacking apart from the LAK3 package. This study proposes a new approach for simulating lake - groundwater interaction under steady-state flow, referred to as the sloping lakebed method (SLM). In this new approach, discretization of the lakebed in the vertical direction is independent of the spatial discretization of the aquifer system, which can potentially solve the problem that the lake and groundwater are usually simulated at different scales. The lakebed is generalized by a slant at the bottom of each lake grid cell, which can be classified as fully submerged, dry, and partly submerged. The SLM method accounts for all lake sources and sinks, establishing a governing equation that can be solved using Newton's method. A benchmarking case study was conducted using a modified model setup in the LAK3 user manual. It was found that when there is a sufficient number of layers at the top of the groundwater model, SLM simulates an almost identical groundwater head as the LAK3-based model; when the number of layers decreases, SLM is unaffected while LAK3 may be at a risk of giving unrealistic results. Additionally, the SLM can reflect the relationship between the simulated lake surface area and lake water depth more accurately. Therefore, the SLM method is a promising alternative to the LAK3 package when simulating lake - groundwater interaction.     

Dynamic Regulation of Reservoir Drought Limit Water Level

Water Resources - Drought limit water level has been presented to guide reservoir drought resistance for years. However, current static drought limit water levels neglected the water transfer...     

A 2D well-balanced,coupled model of water flow,sediment transport,and bed evolution based on unstructured grids with efficient variable storage strategy

In recent decades,a few Godunov-type,finite volume two-dimensional(2D)unstructured grid,coupled flow,and sediment models(GF2DUCM)have been developed for flows over erodible beds.These kinds of models are generally analyzed as a Vertex Model(VM)that define topography at the cell vertex,which can lead to the non-conservation of mass regarding flow,sediment,and bed evolution.Here,a full cellcantered variable storage method(Central Model or CM)is applied as the solution of the GF2DUCM.In this method,terrain elevation is defined at the cell centroids;this accurately describes the physical relations between the water depth and topography deformation.This approach can fully eliminate calculation errors in topography deformation at local cells caused by the interpolation of topography deformation at the cell vertex,and reduced uncertainty in the computation of the GF2DUCM.The model performance is systematically tested using a series of laboratory experiments,which demonstrate the mass conservation feature and high accuracy in reproducing hydrodynamic and morphological processes.     

Risk analysis for clustered check dams due to heavy rainfall

Check dams are commonly constructed around the world for alleviating soil erosion and preventing sedimentation of downstream rivers and reservoirs.Check dams are more vulnerable to failure due to their less stringent flood control standards compared to other dams.Determining the critical precipitation that will result in overtopping of a dam is a useful approach to assessing the risk of failure on a probabilistic basis and for providing early warning in case of an emergency.However,many check dams are built in groups,spreading in several tributaries in cascade forms,comprising a complex network.Determining the critical precipitation for dam overtopping requires a knowledge of its upstream dams on whether they survived or were overtopped during the same storm,while these upstream dams in turn need the information for their upstream dams.The current paper presents an approach of decomposing the dam cluster into(1)the heading dam,(2)border dams,and(3)intermediate dams.The algorithm begins with the border dams that have no upstream dams and proceeds with upgraded maps without the previous border dams until all the dams have been checked.It is believed that this approach is applicable for small-scale check dam systems where the time lag of flood routing can be neglected.As a pilot study,the current paper presents the analytical results for the Wangmaogou Check Dam System that has 22 dams connected in series and parallel.The algorithm clearly identified 7 surviving dams,with the remaining ones being overtopped for a storm of 179.6 mm in 12 h,which is associated with a return period of one in 200 years.     

Numerical and test study on vertical vibration characteristics of pile group in slope soil topography

Topography effects on the vertical vibration responses of pile group are revealed though numerical analysis and model tests.First,a series of model tests with different topography of ground and bedrock are conducted.The results indicate that displacement amplitude of the pile head in sloping ground topography is larger than in horizontal ground.Differential displacement at various positions of the pile cap is observed in non-horizontal topography.Afterwards,a numerical algorithm is employed to further explore the essential response characteristics in group piles of different topography configurations,which has been verified by the test results.The lengths of the exposed and frictional segment,together with the thickness of the subsoil layer,are the dominant factors which cause non-axisymmetric vibration at the pile cap.     

武汉市军运会期间空气质量特征及气象条件分析

利用2019年10月1—30日湖北省及邻近地区的空气质量、气象要素监测数据和再分析资料,分析了第七届世界军人运动会(以下简称军运会)期间和前后时段空气质量变化特征及气象条件的影响.军运会管控期Ⅱ(17—28日)与过去五年(2014—2018年)同期相比颗粒物浓度下降最明显,与长沙等其他城市相比也是最低,相近时间段或相似...     

京津冀一次飑线过程的精细时空演变特征分析

利用常规探空资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达资料对2013年3月19日夜里到20日凌晨发生在湖南中南部和广东北部的一次区域性雷暴大风天气进行了分析,发现本次强对流天气过程的天气尺度背景是北支高压脊的崩溃和南支槽的建立,槽前出现较强的低空急流和切变线并在湖南中南部和广东北部形成了上干冷下暖湿的温湿配置结构下发生并强烈发展的;地面自动站观测显示北风侵入到前期露点温度较高的贵州黄平地区并形成风向辐合触发了对流,之后对流单体东移进入前期地面辐合线和露点锋相配合,同时500 hPa极为干冷的湖南中部偏南地区不断发展加强成对流带;雷达观测显示19日夜里在湖南西部不断出现对流单体并在其东移南下过程中最终形成飑线结构,该飑线中存在多个超级单体;通过多普勒天气雷达的中气旋产品与雷暴大风出现时间对应比较发现：大多数由中气旋引发的雷暴大风,在雷暴大风出现前2~3个体扫,其中气旋底高不断下降至2 km左右或以下,且在雷暴大风出现前1~2个体扫,中气旋的最强切变高度显著下降至中气旋底高位置附近;通过风廓线雷达数据与雷暴大风出现时间对应比较发现：底层大气折射率结构常数(C2n)大幅度的跃升通常在雷暴大风出现前10~15 min左右出现,其对雷暴大风的出现可能具有一定的指示意义。基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化（RR4DVar）分析系统,利用京津冀6部新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和区域（约700个）自动站资料对2013年7月30—31日京津冀地区一次飑线系统在移动过程中系统不同部位的热动力结构及其环境场时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,这次飑线过程是在有利的天气尺度背景形势下发生发展的。飑线形成初期,其中段和南段前部有强的暖湿空气辐合上升运动,并受到强的中层垂直风切变的影响,且在飑线中南段两侧水平正负涡度近似平衡,这种环境下,十分有利于飑线中南段的组织发展。而北段前部受弱的中层垂直风切变及辐散下沉运动影响,不利于北段系统有组织的发展;随着飑线移动下山,中段和南段前部在较强的中层垂直风切变控制下,出现强的暖湿空气辐合上升运动,且存在偏南暖湿气流稳定输送到系统上升运动区中,这对飑线系统中段和南段自身对流单体新生及高度组织化极为有利。随着飑线演变为弓形回波,中段环境场仍维持强的中层垂直风切变且位于冷池出流边界的控制之下,由于地形强迫效应,有利于弓形回波前沿低空偏南暖湿气流的辐合上升,是飑线下山迅速增强并发展成弓形回波,且稳定维持的主要原因。     

The Influence of Guiding Field on Low-frequency Electromagnetic Instabilities in Collisionless Current Sheets

This work investigates the effect of guiding field on low-frequency electromagnetic instabilities in collisionless current sheets using the dispersion relation obtained in the collisionless and compressible magnetohydrodynamic model. The results in the following three cases show that the guiding field can strongly affect the 3-dimensional propagating disturbed waves. (1) On the middle plane of the current sheet (z = 0), if there is no guiding field, then no instability is observed. But if there a guiding field, then instability can take place. (2) Near the middle plane of the current sheet (z = 0.2), the current sheet becomes unstable. With increasing the intensity of the guiding field, the instability grows obviously. The wave mode may be whistler or low-hybrid wave. (3) Near the edge of the current sheet (z = 0.8), the guiding field exhibits no evident effect and the unstable wave mode is a quasi-parallel whistler wave.     

奥陶系岩溶古地貌恢复及对气藏分布的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格东区41-33区块为例

苏东41-33区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起的北部南缘,长期沉积间断的风化壳不整合面形成复杂的岩溶古地貌,属苏里格气田东部奥陶系碳酸盐岩气藏的重要勘探区。研究基于钻井、测井、地震及生产动态资料分析,综合运用地球物理法、残厚法和印模法,优选本溪组顶9号煤层和马家沟组马五5灰岩为标志层,深入探讨古地貌单元的恢复依据和划分标准,精细恢复岩溶古地貌形态,并明确岩溶古地貌特征及其对气藏分布的影响。研究表明:苏东41-33区块整体处于二级地貌单元岩溶斜坡之上,奥陶系古风化壳上下地层厚度可划分出上薄下薄、上薄下厚、上厚下薄等5种组合类型,细分古坡地、残丘和沟槽3个三级地貌单元;古地貌总体趋势走向为北高南低,出露层位展布由马五4过渡到马五1。中南部发育连片残丘,北部见小型零星残丘,恢复厚度低于15m,残留厚度超过85m;北部发育2条侵蚀沟槽带,充填厚度大于20m,残留厚度小于45m;古坡地分布范围广泛,周围被古残丘与沟槽所分割,残留厚度介于45m^85m之间,恢复厚度大于10m。古地貌类型对风化壳气藏分布具有明显的控制作用,岩溶残丘及残丘边缘带的古坡地储层叠合厚度增大,溶蚀孔洞充填程度低,主力含气层保存完整且连通性较好,是寻找高产井的目标区,而岩溶古沟槽相对不利于天然气富集,所钻遇气井多为低产或无产能。     

雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储特征、主控因素及有利区预测*

雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组中赋存丰富的地热资源,研究雾迷山组岩溶热储特征及优质储集层发育的主控因素是地热资源勘探的基础。综合运用野外剖面、岩心、薄片、钻井、测井、录井等地质与地球物理资料,对雾迷山组岩溶热储特征和演化过程进行了深入研究,明确了优质储集层形成的控制因素,预测了有利靶区。结果表明,雾迷山组岩溶热储主要岩性为晶粒白云岩、颗粒白云岩、微生物白云岩、硅质白云岩和角砾白云岩等,溶蚀孔洞、裂缝及其组合为主要的储集空间类型。雾迷山组热储平均孔隙度为3.18%,平均渗透率为91.48×10^-3 μm²;其中角砾白云岩物性最好。雾迷山组岩溶热储经历了沉积—准同生期成孔(雾迷山沉积期)、Ⅰ期表生增孔(雾迷山沉积期后至青白口纪前)、Ⅰ期埋藏减孔(青白口纪前至三叠纪)、Ⅱ期表生增孔(三叠纪—古近纪)、Ⅱ期埋藏减孔(新近纪—第四纪)5个阶段,岩性及岩相、成岩作用和构造应力是雾迷山组有利热储形成的主控因素。藻云坪—云坪相、表生岩溶、埋藏溶蚀、准同生岩溶、岩溶高地—斜坡和地层裂缝段比率大于0.4的6项叠合区是研究区最有利的岩溶热储发育区。