Space-Time Geometry of Quark and Strange Quark Matter

We study quarkand strangequarkmatter in the contextof generalrelativity.For this purpose,we solve Einstein's field equations for quark and strange quark matter in spherical symmetric space-times. We analyze strange quark matter for the different equations of state (EOS) in the spherical symmetric space-times,thus we are able to obtain the space-time geometries of quark and strange quark matter. Also,we discuss the features of the obtained solutions. The obtained solutions are consistent with the results of Brookhaven Laboratory,i.e. the quark-gluon plasma has a vanishing shear (i.e. quark-gluon plasma is perfect).     

天山乌鲁木齐河上游径流极值变化分析研究

以天山乌鲁木齐河上游作为研究对象, 结合乌鲁木齐河上游近50 a的实测月均径流变化资料, 对未来的月均径流进行了预测. 基于对重现水平的95%置信区间进行估计的结果表明, 乌鲁木齐河上游重现期为10 a、25 a、50 a和100 a的月均径流量极大值分别约为35.4 m³·s^-1、39.9 m³·s^-1、43.2 m³·s^-1和46.3 m³·s^-1;重现期为10 a、25 a、50 a和100 a的月均径流量极小值分别约为0.60 m³·s^-1、0.43 m³·s^-1、0.30 m³·s^-1和0.18 m³·s^-1. 在当前气候变化背景下, 乌鲁木齐河上游在2058年前后枯水期时可能发生断流现象. 该研究对乌鲁木齐河径流变化预测具有重要意义.     

云南错恰湖两百年来气候环境变化与重金属污染

高海拔地区由于特殊的自然环境对气候变化和营养输入的响应十分敏感.在人类活动逐渐加强的背景下,高山湖泊高分辨率的沉积物记录了人与自然相互作用的演变过程.选取云南西北部典型高山湖泊——错恰湖,获取长度37 cm的连续湖泊沉积序列,基于铅铯测年法得到年代深度模型,并对湖芯样品进行总有机碳、总氮及正构烷烃的多指标测定和元素测量,结合气象监测数据探讨分析错恰湖的有机质来源和流域环境演化特征.根据气候代用指标的变化,两百年来错恰湖泊环境及区域气候演化可以分成4个主要阶段：1807-1900年：湖泊水位上升、湖面扩大,有机质丰度下降,有机质以外源贡献为主,内源比例上升;1900-1950年：湖泊水位开始下降、湖面收缩,有机质丰度下降,外源有机质来源增加;1950-1982年：湖泊水位下降、湖面进一步收缩,有机质丰度下降,外源输入比例继续增加;1982-2007年：湖泊水位下降、湖面收缩,有机质含量上升且以陆源输入为主,同时内源贡献比例开始增加.在元素测定结果中,人类活动对应了湖泊沉积重金属含量变化的3个阶段：1950年以前,重金属含量低且稳定,可视作自然背景阶段,人类影响忽略不计;1950年以后,湖泊流域工农业逐渐发展,人为干扰凸显;直到1982年以后,冶炼工业的进步加强了重金属的污染态势,并通过大气传输沉降被湖泊沉积物记录.错恰湖沉积记录的分析讨论在总结该区域气候环境演化历史的同时,加深了对气候人类活动湖泊生态系统相互作用过程的理解,为高山湖泊响应人类活动影响提供了证据.     

从水文学产汇流角度分析碱坪沟“8·13”泥石流特征

本研究以四川省都江堰市龙池镇碱坪沟泥石流流域对象,基于HEC-HMS流域分布式水文模型,利用RS和GIS技术提取流域产汇流参数,模拟分析碱坪沟8·13泥石流的暴雨汇流过程,结合流域内土地利用类型分布,模拟降雨-径流关系,并综合考虑泥石流的相关特征参数,利用情景分析法探讨泥石流流域内的土地利用类型变化对泥石流汇流过程的影响关系。     

湖南洪山殿矿区煤系沉积特征与聚煤规律

在前人研究成果基础上,通过野外地质调查、室内样品测试及综合分析,系统研究了洪山殿矿区煤系沉积环境及其对煤层发育和展布特征的影响。运用层序地层学分析、沉积相划分及岩相古地理恢复等研究手段,将洪山殿矿区二叠系上统龙潭组和大隆组含煤地层划分为层序I和层序II两个三级层序;识别出1个中期基准面旋回转换面,以此将层序I划分为1个下降半旋回和1个上升半旋回,建立了龙潭组和大隆组层序地层格架;识别出三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲等亚相,编制了岩相古地理图。研究显示:矿区沉积的主要物源方向为NNE向,海侵方向由南向北;分流河道之间的沼泽环境最有利于煤层发育,矿区蛇形山井田向南塘向斜深部延伸区域为本区深部煤炭资源预测的有利区。     

Rapid earthquake hazard and loss assessment for Euro-Mediterranean region

The almost-real time estimation of ground shaking and losses after a major earthquake in the Euro-Mediterranean region was performed in the framework of the Joint Research Activity 3 (JRA-3) component of the EU FP6 Project entitled “Network of Research Infra-structures for European Seismology, NERIES”. This project consists of finding the most likely location of the earthquake source by estimating the fault rupture parameters on the basis of rapid inversion of data from on-line regional broadband stations. It also includes an estimation of the spatial distribution of selected site-specific ground motion parameters at engineering bedrock through region-specific ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) or physical simulation of ground motion. By using the Earthquake Loss Estimation Routine (ELER) software, the multi-level methodology developed for real time estimation of losses is capable of incorporating regional variability and sources of uncertainty stemming from GMPEs, fault finiteness, site modifications, inventory of physical and social elements subjected to earthquake hazard and the associated vulnerability relationships.     

Estimation of fundamental periods of shear‐wall dominant building structures

Shear‐wall dominant multistorey reinforced concrete structures, constructed by using a special tunnel form technique are commonly built in countries facing a substantial seismic risk, such as Chile, Japan, Italy and Turkey. In spite of their high resistance to earthquake excitations, current seismic code provisions including the Uniform Building Code (International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, 1997) and the Turkish Seismic Code (Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Ankara, Turkey, 1998) present limited information for their design criteria. In this study, consistency of equations in those seismic codes related to their dynamic properties are investigated and it is observed that the given empirical equations for prediction of fundamental periods of this specific type of structures yield inaccurate results. For that reason, a total of 80 different building configurations were analysed by using three‐dimensional finite‐element modelling and a set of new empirical equations was proposed. The results of the analyses demonstrate that given formulas including new parameters provide accurate predictions for the broad range of different architectural configurations, roof heights and shear‐wall distributions, and may be used as an efficient tool for the implicit design of these structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

人工胶结砂物理力学特性试验研究

采用二次掺水法制备氧化钙胶结砂样,为加速碳酸化将试样放置在充满干冰的养护箱中养护,养护完成后对不同氧化钙掺入比的试样进行固结排水三轴试验和碳酸钙定量化学试验,分析了氧化钙掺入量对胶结砂物理力学特性的影响,定义了反映胶结物生成量的化学指标 ,利用 修正了摩尔-库仑强度理论。结果表明：二次掺水法可有效控制人工胶结砂的初始含水率,CaCO3胶结物的形成对试样物理力学特性有极大影响。在不同围压下,试样均表现出应力软化。随氧化钙掺入比的增加,试样应力软化现象逐渐增强,并且黏聚力及内摩擦角增量逐渐增大。胶结砂具有压硬性,围压、氧化钙的掺入比对试样剪胀有抑制作用。随着 的增加,试样黏聚力、摩擦角增量均有明显提高,通过试验数据得到了 与试样黏聚力、内摩擦角增量之间的函数关系,进而对摩尔-库仑强度理论进行了修正,修正后的公式能够反映胶结物的形成对胶结砂强度的影响。     

西藏尼雄矿田日阿铜矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及地质意义

尼雄矿田位于冈底斯成矿带西段中部隆格尔南木林岩浆岩带的北侧.日阿铜矿床位于尼雄矿田的东南端,矿体产于晚白垩世侵入岩与下拉组灰岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中,主要矽卡岩矿物有石榴子石、透辉石、蛇纹石、金云母、绢云母、硅镁石、阳起石、透闪石、绿帘石、绿泥石等.电子探针分析表明,矿区石榴子石主要为钙铁榴石,次为钙铝榴石;辉石以透辉石为主;金云母明显富镁贫铁,且富含挥发分F;闪石类矿物属钙角闪石系列;绿泥石富镁贫铁.推断成矿流体大致经历了5个演化阶段:①干矽卡岩阶段,高温(＞450℃)、低pH值、氧化-弱氧化;②湿矽卡岩阶段,温度降低,pH值和氧逸度逐渐升高;③氧化物阶段,温度进一步降低,pH值升高(碱性),氧逸度则呈降低趋势;④石英硫化物阶段,中等温度(200～300℃),高pH值(碱性),低氧逸度;⑤碳酸盐阶段,低温(160～203℃),低pH值,低氧逸度.此外,矿区还存在多金属矿化的可能.     

Geochemistry of Pliocene/Pleistocene basalts along the Central Anatolian Fault Zone (CAFZ), Turkey

Abstract

Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanism accompanied strike-slip-related transtensional deformation along the K?z?l?rmak fault segment of the Central Anatolian fault zone (CAFZ) in the west of ?ark??la (Sivas-central Turkey). These volcanic rocks are represented by alkali olivine basalts. They can be divided into four different sub-groups on the basis of their Zr, Nb, TiO₂ contents. A primitive mantle-normalized incompatible trace element diagram for four subgroups shows close similarity to typical OIB pattern. Some of the incompatible trace element ratios (Ce/Y, Zr/Nb, La/Ba, La/Nb) are also akin to OIB values. Highly fractionated REE patterns (La/Yb_N=24.7–9.2) with no Eu anomaly are the main features of the alkali basalts and are comparable to alkaline volcanism in continental rift zones. On the basis of Al₂O₃/TiO₂, Nb/Y, Zr/Y Zr/Nb ratios, the geochemical differences among four sub-groups can be explained by variable degrees of partial melting of compositionally similar mantle source. Th/Nb, Th/Y, Nb/Y ratios and the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram suggests significant amount of crustal involvement for most of the alkali olivine basalts erupted along the CAFZ. Rupture of the continental lithosphere by strike-slip-related transtensional deformation might have caused decompressional partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle and generating alkali olivine basalts in this region. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS.