雨滴谱垂直演变特征的微雨雷达观测研究

雨滴谱的垂直变化特征对于认识降水过程、改进模式和雷达定量估计降水等具有重要意义。利用2016年6月1日-9月30日雨量筒、微雨雷达（micro rain radar,简称MRR）和PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪连续4个月的观测数据,在对比3种仪器观测结果的基础上,研究了层状云降水不同降水强度下微物理特征量和雨滴谱垂直演变特征。结果表明:MRR与PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测降水强度相关性较好,且两种仪器观测的雨滴谱在中等粒子段（0.5~2.5 mm）表现出较好的一致性,而对于小粒子段（雨滴直径小于0.5 mm）PARSIVEL雨滴谱仪观测的数浓度明显低于MRR。对于弱降水（降水强度R ≤ 0.2 mm·h-1）,液水含量和降水强度随高度降低减小,雨滴在下落过程中蒸发明显。对于较强降水（R>2 mm·h-1）,随高度降低,雷达反射率因子增大,小滴数浓度减小的同时大滴数浓度增加明显,雨滴下落过程碰并作用明显。所有高度直径不超过0.5 mm的小滴对数浓度贡献均为最大。高层雨滴直径不小于1 mm的小粒子对降水强度的贡献可达50%,小粒子对降水强度贡献随高度降低减小。     

Kinetic Energy Variability in the North Indian Ocean Using a Numerical Model

The North Indian Ocean exhibits profound impact of variation in lower tropospheric winds. In the present study climatological monthly winds are used to force a nonlinear reduced gravity model of the North Indian Ocean to simulate climatological surface circulation and sea level anomaly for all 12 months of the year. The sea level anomalies agree reasonably well with satellite altimeter derived sea level anomalies. The model successfully simulates the varying eddy structure and current pattern of the North Indian Ocean. Finally, the kinetic energy variation in the North Indian Ocean with special reference to equatorial region and the boundaries is analyzed in detail.     

1981—2016年山东陆地观测最大风速变化特征

基于山东1981—2016年121个气象站的年最大风速观测数据,应用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验等方法研究了山东年最大风速的空间分布特征、时间演变规律及突变特征、重现期特征。结果表明：山东年平均最大风速呈逐年波动减小变化趋势,气候倾向率为-1.41 m·s-1·（10 a）-1,减小趋势极显著;沿海地区和鲁中山区最大风速较大,鲁南和鲁西南较小;2000年以来,最大风速相对20世纪80、90年代明显减小;莱州湾、山东半岛东南沿海减小趋势最明显,鲁东南等地减小趋势较小;山东最大风速在2002年前后发生突变,突变后明显减小,不同区域最大风速突变发生年份不同;50 a和100 a最大风速重现期结果与观测的最大风速空间分布类似。     

Petrology and geochemistry of post-collisional Middle Eocene volcanic units in North-Central Turkey: Evidence for magma generation by slab breakoff following the closure of the Northern Neotethys Ocean

The Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of Northern Anatolia are confined into a narrow zone trending parallel to the Intra Pontide and İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan sutures, along which the northern branch of the Neotethys Ocean was closed during a period between Late Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The Middle Eocene formations overlie both the imbricated and highly deformed units of the suture zone, which are Paleocene or older in age, as well as the formations of adjacent continental blocks with a regional disconformity. Therefore, they can be regarded to be post-collisional. These units are composed of subaerial to shallow marine sedimentary beds (i.e. the Örencik formation) at the base and a subaerial volcanic unit (i.e. the Hamamözü formation) in the middle and at the top. This sudden facies change from marine to subaerial environment in the Middle Eocene is a common phenomenon across northern Turkey, implying that a regional uplift event occurred possibly across the suture zone before the initiation of the volcanism during Lutetian. The Middle Eocene lavas span the whole compositional range from basalts to rhyolites and display a calc-alkaline character except for alkaline to mildly-alkaline lavas from the top of the sequence. All lavas display a distinct subduction signature. Our geochemical data indicate that calc-alkaline lavas were derived from a subduction-modified source, whereas alkaline to mildly-alkaline lavas of the late stage were possibly sourced by an enriched mantle domain. Magmas evolved in magma chambers emplaced possibly at two different crustal levels. Magmas in deeper (> 13 km) and possibly larger chambers fractionated hydrous mafic minerals (e.g. amphibole and biotite), two pyroxenes and plagioclase and assimilated a significant amount of crustal material. Intermediate to acid calc-alkaline lavas and pyroclastics were derived from these chambers. Magmas in the shallower chambers, on the other hand (~ < 12 km), crystallized anhydrous mineral assemblages, assimilated little or no crustal material and fed basic to intermediate lavas in the region. Both deep and shallow chambers were periodically replenished by mafic magmas. We argue that a slab breakoff model explains better than any alternative model (i) why the volcanism during the Middle Eocene was confined into a rather narrow belt along the suture zone, (ii) why it initiated almost contemporaneous with a regional uplift after the continental collision event, (iii) why it postdated arc volcanism along the Pontides in the north by 15–20 My, (iv) why it assimilated significant amount of crustal material, and (v) why alkalinity of lavas increased in time.     

试论德宏宗教文化旅游开发

宗教文化既是人类文化的重要组成部分,又是旅游资源的重要组成部分,无论古今中外,人文旅游景观中的宗教文化内容都是游客为之注目的亮点。在新阶段,德宏州的旅游业要得到较大发展,就不能忽视宗教文化对旅游业的影响。在挖掘德宏州宗教文化旅游资源的基础上,初步探讨如何对德宏州宗教文化旅游资源进行开发利用的问题,对旅游业的发展具有重要的意义;而旅游业的发展,也有利于宗教文化的继承、传播、交流和研究,从而提出了建设德宏孔雀湖宗教园,将宗教文化打造为德宏旅游特有的一张名片。     

浙江中部芙蓉山花岗斑岩及包体岩石地球化学研究

花岗岩的源区、温压条件及与其他岩石的共生组合的研究可以限定其形成构造背景,了解其形成的深部动力学过程。本文对浙江中部中生代芙蓉山花岗斑岩及其暗色包体开展了全岩主微量元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素、Ti温度计和全岩Sr-Nd同位素研究,探讨芙蓉山花岗斑岩的成因类型、源区特征及其与镁铁质包体之间的关系,并进一步限定其构造背景。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示芙蓉山花岗斑岩加权平均年龄为133.6±1.6 Ma (MSWD = 2.1,2σ),镁铁质包体加权平均年龄为130.3±4.2 Ma (MSWD = 5.8,2σ),其成岩年龄基本一致,形成于早白垩世。全岩地球化学表明芙蓉山花岗斑岩属于亚碱性系列,同时具有低的Ga/Al(<2.6),高的Na2O含量(2.75%-4.5%,平均3.78%),较高的全碱含量(Na2O + K2O = 7.93%-8.75%),以及较低的锆石Ti饱和温度特征（631-690℃）,这些特征显示芙蓉山花岗斑岩为I型花岗岩,而非A型花岗岩。芙蓉山花岗斑岩中锆石Hf同位素有比较大的范围[εHf(t)=-10.9~-1.1],全岩[n(87Sr)/ n(86Sr)]i = 0.7062-0.7078,相对富集的εNd(t)=-5.6 ~ -4.7值;而包体表现为均一的[n(87Sr)/ n(86Sr)]i=0.7071-0.7079和弱富集的εNd(t)=-3.8 ~-2.8特征。野外及岩相学和元素地球化学特征显示典型的岩浆混合特征。镁铁质包体源区可能来自于俯冲交代地幔,芙蓉山花岗斑岩则形成于古老富钾地壳熔体和交代地幔熔体混合后的结晶分异。混合模型计算表明混合比例为：~80%的地幔端元和~ 20%地壳端元。浙江中部芙蓉山富钾I型花岗斑岩与镁铁质包体共生可能指示其形成于古太平洋板块俯冲后撤初始弱伸展拉张的构造背景。     

Early warning for geo-hazards based on the weather condition in China

According to national early warning practice for geo-hazards from 2003 to 2005, it is systematically concluded that the basic characteristics of geo-hazards, early warning method and forecast result based on the geological maps of China in a scale 1∶6 000 000. With the contrast of different characters between sustained rainfall and typhoon rainfall inducing geo-hazards, the disaster reduction result and some problems are preliminarily analyzed. Some basic recognition is that early warning to geo-hazards is feasible, national scale forecast is only to call attention, but can't immediately be used to disaster reduction decision-making. And, the future direction is to build a united disaster reduction framework of early warning system including national, provincial and county levels based on weather factors in different scale of area.     

Groundwater pollution containing ammonium,iron and manganese in a riverbank filtration system: Effects of dynamic geochemical conditions and microbial responses

Bench-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic loadings and influent concentration on the migration and biotransformation behaviour of three groundwater pollutants: ammonium (NH₄⁺), iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺). Columns packed with aquifer media collected from a riverbank filtration (RBF) site in Harbin City, NE China were introduced synthetic groundwater (SGW) or real groundwater (RGW) were at two different constant flow rates and initial contaminant concentrations to determine the impact of system conditions on the fate of the target pollutants biotransformation. The results showed that the biotransformation rate of Fe²⁺ Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ decreased by 8%, 39% and 15% under high flow rate (50 L d⁻¹) compared to low flow rate (25 L d⁻¹), which was consistent with the residence-time effect. While the biotransformation rate of Fe²⁺ Mn²⁺ and NH₄⁺ decreased by 7%, 14% and 9% under high influent concentration comparing with original groundwater. The 16S rRNA analysis of the aquifer media at different depths after experiments completion demonstrated that the relative abundance of major functional microbes iron-oxidizing bacteria and manganese-oxidizing bacteria under higher flow rate and higher influent concentration decreased 13%, 14% and 25%, 24%, respectively, whereas the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria exhibited minimal change, compared to the lower flow rate. Above all results indicated that both high flow rate and high concentration inhibit the biotransformation of NH₄⁺, Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺. The biotransformation of Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ occurs primarily in the 0–40 cm and 20–60 cm depth intervals, respectively, whereas the NH₄⁺ biotransformation appears to occur relatively uniformly throughout the whole 110 cm column. The biotransformation kinetics of NH₄⁺ in RGW and SGW, Mn²⁺ in RGW at different depths accords with the first order kinetics model, while Fe²⁺ in RGW and SGW, Mn²⁺ in SGW presented more complicated biotransformation process. The results should improve understanding of the transport and fate of common groundwater pollutants in RBF and other groundwater recharge environments.     

山东省海洋生态文明建设探索与实践

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央深刻总结人类文明发展规律,将生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义"五位一体"总体布局和"四个全面"战略布局,生态文明建设顶层制度设计逐步完善,生态环保法制不断健全,环保执法监管力度空前,我国生态文明建设呈现加速发展新局面。山东省作为海洋大省,坚决扛起海洋生态环保责任,在推进海洋生态文明建设方面进行积极探索和实践,为海洋环境保护事业和海洋生态文明建设不懈努力。