Usefulness of electrical and magnetic methods in finding buried structure of the Alabanda Ancient Cistern in Çine Town,Aydın City,Turkey

In this paper, the Electrical Resistivity Tomography and magnetic methods, including Tilt Angle and Euler Deconvolution, have been used in a comperative manner to determine the lineaments and depths of buried archeological structures. The zero contours of the tilt angle correspond to the boundaries of buried structures and the half distance between ±π/4 rad corresponds to the depth to the top of the structures. Also, in order to estimate the positions and depths of buried structures in the study area, the Euler Deconvolution method was applied to the total magnetic field data. All of the methods have a good correlation about determination of the horizontal locations and depths of the buried structures. The archeological excavations based on the geophysical investigations have demonstrated that the buried structure is an ancient cistern building because of the unearthed pools. Therefore, the interpretations of the geophysical methods and fiction of the paper were made according to the ancient cistern building. With this study, a buried ancient cistern structure was modeled and revealed by the geophysical methods for the first time. Additionally, using of these geophysical techniques in a comparative manner for the archaeogeophysical work will greatly contribute to future studies.     

渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征:基于聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术

页岩中的有机质孔隙对烃类气体的赋存至关重要。为了明确渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质孔隙发育特征,使用聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术进行观察。FIB-HIM具有极高的分辨率,分辨精度可达到亚纳米级,能够有效识别直径为0~20 nm的孔隙。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青内部发育大量的有机质孔隙,孔隙直径大,连通性好,大量较小直径的孔隙嵌套在直径较大的有机质孔隙中,增加了页岩有机质孔隙系统的比表面积和孔隙连通性,有利于烃类气体在页岩有机质孔隙内的赋存及有效渗流。龙马溪组页岩的固体干酪根内部有机质孔隙的发育特征与焦沥青相比存在较大差别,固体干酪根内部发育的有机质孔隙数量少,孔隙直径小,连通性差,孔隙多呈孤立状存在于固体干酪根内部。     

基于众包的古琴名人时空信息采集与移动轨迹时空分析

古琴是中华民族的古老乐器,知名的古琴名人流传至今,但是由于古代历史书籍匮乏、记录不完整性以及古今地名歧义性等原因,导致无法收集完整的古琴名人移动轨迹数据。本文基于众包思想,构建基于WebGIS的古琴名人时空信息采集系统,着重解决古琴名人轨迹数据库和知识数据库的构建。基于众包数据,古琴名人时空信息采集系统对古琴名人轨迹进行可视化查询,动态展示古琴名人的二维与三维轨迹,并结合古琴知识图谱,实现古琴名人相关信息的智能化查询。古琴名人轨迹点时空核密度分析结果显示古琴名人移动轨迹与中国历史人口迁移趋势一致,且古琴名人倾向于停留在具有浓厚文化气息的历史名城与山水之地,从而有利于古琴文化的传承与发展。本文所采用的方法不仅可用于古琴名人,同样适用于其他历史名人或移动物体的轨迹采集。     

流动人口购房意愿影响因素的空间异质性——基于MGWR模型的研究

基于2016年中国流动人口动态监测数据,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型对流动人口流入地购房意愿影响因素的空间异质性进行分析。研究发现：① 中国流动人口在流入地城市的购房意愿整体偏低,尤其在流动人口聚集的东南沿海地区,流动人口购房意愿最低。② 多尺度地理加权回归（multi-scale geographically weighted regression,MGWR）模型能识别出不同因素对购房意愿的影响具有空间尺度差异,其中户口类型、流动范围、流动次数等显著变量对不同区域流动人口购房意愿的影响存在明显的区域差异。③ 各影响因素呈现显著的空间分异格局,其中婚姻状况、户口类型、职业类型、房价、公共服务等因素对东南地区购房意愿的影响较大,收入、流动次数、已购住房、随迁子女等因素对东北地区购房意愿的影响更大,西北地区平均受教育年限和拥有住房公积金对流动人口购房意愿的正向促进作用显著,而跨省流动的负向影响由西北向中部地区梯度递减。     

离散选择模型研究进展

本文从离散选择模型(discrete choice model, DCM)体系的一般原理和应用价值出发,总结了各经典模型的基本理论和典型应用,并概括了近来年一些重要的研究新动向。多项Logit模型(multinomial logit model, MNL)是离散选择模型体系的基础,具有简洁、可靠、易实现等优点,但也存在固有的理论缺陷,由此产生了对更加精细化模型的需求。替代的精细化模型中,嵌套Logit模型(nested logit model, NL)常用于处理备选项相关、“都不选”备选项、数据合并等问题,一般极值模型(generalized extreme value model, GEV)体系是其更一般的形式;混合Logit模型(mixed logit model, MXL)可用于解决随机偏好问题和多种相关问题,包括备选项相关、面版数据相关、随机系数相关、数据合并等,与之类似的潜在类别模型也有着广泛应用;多项Probit模型(multinomial probit model, MNP)具有极高的灵活性,但其复杂的模型设定与庞大的运算量大大制约了其应用范围。本文在研究新动向上介绍了4个重要的研究关注点：由多种经典模型形式相结合而成的复杂模型;面向RP/SP数据、定序、排序、多选等不同数据类型的适宜模型;基于各种受限理性选择策略的更为真实的模型;以及考虑选择的时空背景的模型。     

一维到三维密度分布函数及其可视化在大数据分析中的应用——以苦橄质玄武岩等为例

提出不同维度的密度分布函数的计算方法和可视化方案,以解决不同数量级和不同测量误差的岩石样本数据分析对比困难的问题。通过SiO_2、全碱和MgO指标的三维密度分布函数和t-分布随机邻域嵌入可视化方法对GEOROC和PETDB数据库进行发掘,发现大洋岩(oceanite)和富辉橄玄岩(ankaramite)与苦橄质玄武岩(basalt, picritic)成分相近,而铁质苦橄岩(picrite,ferro)与侵入的橄榄辉长岩和苦橄岩(picrite)成分相似。利用二维密度分布函数和可视化技术,对比分析了不同岩石在TAS图解和硅镁图上的数据分布状态和数据集中核心区域。发现总体分布上,更富镁的苦橄岩的SiO_2含量高于苦橄质玄武岩,超基性的苦橄岩(picrate)核心区域主要分布在TAS图解的B区,这与以SiO_2=45%划分基性岩和超基性岩界线的观点矛盾。     

面向福祉和公平的需求侧减排路径、潜力与政策

需求侧减排是协同实现碳中和目标与民生福祉、社会公平改善的重要抓手,也是以“人”为中心连接不同可持续发展目标的关键纽带。IPCC第六次评估报告首次独立成章（第五章）介绍应对气候变化的需求侧解决方案。报告将需求侧减排与福祉、公平等目标关联起来,依循“避免-转变-改进（ASI）”的战略框架,梳理了需求侧的减排措施和减排潜力;揭示了社会文化、心理活动、技术水平和基础设施等因素对需求侧减排的关键驱动作用,指出多种驱动因素之间相互依赖,呈现叠加效应;明确了激发需求侧减排的动力和能力需要科学的行为干预和政策设计以推动系统性变革。文中对该章主要结论做扼要解读,同时就该章节对中国的相关研究和政策启示展开讨论。     

A numerical study on response modification,overstrength, and displacement amplification factors for steel plate shear wall systems

Design recommendations for steel plate shear wall (SPSW) systems have recently been introduced into seismic provisions for steel buildings. Response modification (R), overstrength (Ω_o), and displacement amplification (C_d) factors for SPSW systems presented in design codes were based on professional experience and judgment. A numerical study has been undertaken to evaluate these factors for SPSW systems. Forty‐four unstiffened SPSW possessing different geometrical characteristics were designed based on the recommendations given in the AISC Seismic Provisions. Bay width, number of stories, story mass, and steel plate thickness were considered as the prime variables that influence the response. Twenty records were selected to include the variability in ground motion characteristics. In order to provide a detailed analysis of the post‐buckling response, three‐dimensional finite element analyses were conducted for the 44 structures subjected to the selected suite of earthquake records. For each structure and earthquake record, two analyses were conducted in which the first includes geometrical nonlinearities and the other includes both geometrical and material nonlinearities, resulting in a total of 1760 time history analyses. In this paper, the details of the design and analysis methodology are given. Based on the analysis results, response modification (R), overstrength (Ω_o), and displacement amplification (C_d) factors for SPSW systems are evaluated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

九龙绿柱石晶体形貌研究

四川九龙绿柱石晶体形态有短柱状、板柱状、扁平板状以及板锥状晶体,晶体上出现的单形有平行双面c｜0001｜、六方双锥p｜10^-11｜、s｜11^-21｜、六方柱m｜10^-10｜、a｜11^-20｜以及复六方双锥v｜21^-31｜、n｜31^-41｜。利用微分干涉显微镜等手段,对九龙绿柱石晶体进行了形貌研究,发现｜0001｜、｜11^-21｜和｜10^-10｜面上具有丰富的表面微形貌。晶面上的六边形溶蚀丘、六边形生长丘、拉长六边形螺旋生长纹和三角生长丘体现了相应面网结构的对称性,螺旋生长纹发生束合、三角形圆化等现象均反映了环境条件的变化。