辽河大民屯凹陷中央构造带太古宇变质岩储层岩性特征分析

综合分析录井、测井、地震、岩心与分析化验等资料,对大民屯凹陷中央构造带太古宇变质岩储层岩性类型、空间分布、岩性对储层的控制作用进行了研究。研究认为：本区太古宇变质岩岩性分为三大类18种,主要有混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩、混合岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、浅粒岩、角闪岩、变粒岩,夹丰富不均一的基性脉岩和碎裂岩。有效储层岩性为碎裂化混合花岗岩与碎裂化变粒岩、浅粒岩、片麻岩;变质岩在垂向上（由下至上）分为多个岩性段,从混合花岗岩至浅粒岩与风化壳,垂向上可进行类似于沉积岩层序的地层对比,岩性在平面上也呈现分区性。变质岩体在岩性上是不均一的、非均质的块体。矿物种类和岩石类型对研究区变质岩裂缝型储层起重要作用,碎裂化变粒岩、浅粒岩、混合花岗岩与片麻岩可作为优质储层。     

Shear-wave splitting in the southeast of Cathaysia block, South China

This study is focused on Fujing Province in China, southeast of Cathaysia block (SECB). The present work benefits from the data provided by the Fujian Seismic Network (FJSN) to study the seismic anisotropy in the crust. By means of a systematic analysis and adequate software package, we examine shear-wave splitting from data recorded at ten FJSN stations during the period January 1999 to December 2003. The results demonstrate that the average fast wave polarization is N109.4° E ± 42.6°, corresponding to the horizontal principal compressive stress in the test zone, and the average normalized slow wave time delay is 2.5 ± 1.5 ms/km. The predominant polarizations at stations in the eastern part of SECB are in the N–W direction, which suggests that they are related to the regional horizontal principal compressive stress and also to the strikes of faults. In contrast, the predominant polarizations at two stations in the western part of SECB are in the N–E direction. This polarization direction does not coincide with the direction of the horizontal principal compressive stress, but it follows the strikes of near faults, thus suggesting the influence of the local tectonics and a change in the stress field. The results prove that the predominant polarizations are parallel to the strikes of faults whenever the stations are on active faults. At a few stations near the coastal line, some polarizations show a certain amount of scatter which may be caused by crossing faults and irregular topography. Finally, the spatial distribution of time delays depicts strong lateral variations near the coast just where the seismic activity is comparatively bigger, so that the magnitude of anisotropy seems to be consistent with the most seismically active area.     

南海西北部过去~55 ka以来元素地球化学记录的古气候环境演变

南海西北部的西沙碳酸盐台地北坡受到陆源和海洋自生物质的供应,蕴含丰富的气候变化信息.为探究该区域的古气候环境演变历史,选取长828 cm的SS7岩心,利用AMS14C测年以及有孔虫氧同位素建立该区域的年代学框架,并进行元素地球化学分析.该岩心底部年龄为~55 ka BP,沉积物的元素主要受到陆源碎屑输入、海洋自生作用、氧化还原条件、海洋化学沉积作用等因素的控制.碎屑组分元素比值K/Rb和K/Ti能用于反映源区地表化学风化程度,进而反映源区过去55 ka的东亚夏季风的演化.区域东亚夏季风在约40 ka BP明显减弱,且对Heinrich、新仙女木等北半球快速变冷的事件有明显地响应.过去55 ka的东亚夏季风,不仅受到北半球低纬度夏季日照辐射量的控制,还受到赤道太平洋大气动力(如太平洋沃克环流)的影响.      

不同出露时间下洞庭湖洲滩土壤及生态系统呼吸特征

于2015年1月洞庭湖枯水期,针对不同出露时间下的洲滩,调查其土壤理化性质,并利用LI-8100便携式二氧化碳气体分析仪监测其生态系统呼吸.结果表明：在洞庭湖枯水期,洲滩出露后,洲滩土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量随出露时间增长而先升高后降低.土壤溶解性有机碳含量是影响洞庭湖枯水期洲滩生态系统呼吸强度的最重要影响因子.溶解性有机碳含量随出露时间增长而提高,洲滩生态系统呼吸强度随之提高,并在洲滩出露约60天后达到最高值.出露洲滩生态系统呼吸通量均值为0.72±0.55 μmol/（m²·s）,超过杨树林地、芦苇地和农田地,成为洞庭湖区冬季CO₂排放最活跃的区域.     

青藏高原羌塘南部晚古生代地幔柱？——来自基性—超基性岩的地球化学证据

羌塘南部地区大面积出露基性—超基性火成岩。基性岩墙和玄武岩沿龙木错-双湖板块缝合带的南侧呈近东西向分布,大地构造位置位于冈瓦纳大陆北缘,分布范围西起国境线,东到双湖地区,总长约800km,形成时代集中在晚石炭世—早二叠世（284～318Ma）,反映出岩浆的快速侵位-喷溢的过程。基性岩墙和玄武岩主要为碱性系列岩石,少数为亚碱性系列,Ti和Fe的含量均比较高,Mg#比较低,表明它们都是原始岩浆经不同程度分异结晶后的残余熔体。基性岩墙和玄武岩的稀土元素、微量元素、形成环境等均与板内玄武岩或典型的地幔柱成因玄武岩具有相似的特点。另外,苦橄质岩石多与基性岩墙和玄武岩一起产出,主要为单斜辉石橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩,矿物成分贫挥发性组分,主量、稀土和微量元素的特点反映出其很可能代表了地幔柱原始岩浆结晶的产物而非岩浆捕获体,而且其源区很可能为石榴子石二辉橄榄岩。由此,初步认为羌塘南部基性岩墙和玄武岩为地幔柱的头部减压熔融的产物,而苦橄质岩石为地幔柱尾柱通道熔融的产物。     

云南地区强震前兆短期综合异常特征研究

用斜率k和相关系数r值提取云南地区水氡、 水汞、 水温、 地磁的单项短期异常, 用群体非均匀度计算方法对各手段选取的多点观测资料进行计算, 提取综合指标。 研究结果表明, 云南地区M≥5.5地震, 前兆的群体突变异常较为显著, 对M≥5.5地震有较好的短期预报效能, 并通过置信度为97.5%的R检验。     

风暴尺度集合预报中的混合初始扰动方法及其在北京2012年“7.21”暴雨预报中的应用

风暴尺度集合预报系统（Storm-Scale Ensemble Forecast system,简称SSEFs）中集合成员之间发散度不足一直都是研究的难点。本文尝试了将Barnes空间滤波融入到集合转换卡尔曼滤波（ETKF）更新预报系统中的混合初值扰动法。该方案将ETKF方法的小尺度信息与来自于侧边界条件扰动的大尺度信息相结合,缓解了扰动在侧边界不匹配的问题。通过2012年北京“7.21”暴雨并使用邻位方法对比分析了不同初值扰动方案在不同时间尺度与空间尺度上的特征,在此基础上进一步探讨了构造混合初始扰动法的可行性。结果表明:ETKF试验所构造的初始扰动无法与侧边界条件扰动相匹配,混合后的初始扰动可以有效缓解SSEFs中由于初始扰动与侧边界扰动不匹配产生的虚假波动,其中大尺度信息保留较多的混合试验（ETKF80）和动力降尺度方案（Down）在减少虚假波动方面的效果最优;从集合离散度来看,在前期暖区降水阶段ETKF的离散度在小尺度上最大,随着锋面降水的开始,Down的离散度逐渐超过ETKF,而使用各滤波波段构造的混合试验同时具备ETKF与Down二者的特征。选择合理的滤波波段可以获得最为合理的离散度表现（ETKF180）,说明仅考虑侧边界匹配（Down和ETKF80）并不能获得最合理的集合离散度,应综合考虑其他因素。从降水概率预报结果来看,选取合适的滤波波段所构造的混合扰动试验同样获得了较好的效果。     

The von Kármán constant determined by large eddy simulation

The present study explores the extent to which the logarithmic region of the adiabatic atmospheric boundary layer can be modeled using a three-dimensional large eddy simulation. A value of the von Kármán constant (_LES) is obtained by determining the slope of a logarithmic portion of the velocity profile. Its numerical value is found to be dependent on the value of the Smagorinsky-Model Reynolds number, Re_SM: the value of _LES increases with Re_SM. Results indicate that _LES approaches a value of 0.35 as Re_SM reaches about 7.75 × 10⁵ for the largest domain. The sensitivity of _LES to the profile region over which it is evaluated has been tested. Results show that _LES is not sensitive to the depth of this evaluation region when we employ five grids above the sub-grid buffer layer where sub-grid-scale effects dominate. The maximum _LES is obtained when the lower boundary of the evaluation region is just above the top of the sub-grid-scale buffer layer. This result is consistent with modelled mean speed and resolved-scale shear stress profiles.     

Wavelet analysis of rainfall variation in the Hebei Plain

Rainfall is an important climate factor, which has significant impacts on agricultural production and na-tional economic development[1]. Being part of the North China Plain, the Hebei Plain is an agricultural region. Under the continental monsoon climate, it is cold and dry in winter, hot and rainy in summer, and its variable rainfall is concentrated in summer. Droughts and floods occur frequently and impose sig-nificant impacts on agricultural production. Studies on the characteristics and …     

北部湾盆地演化及局部构造成因机制研究

为解决北部湾盆地区域构造演化及成因机制研究不足,局部构造认识存在差异等问题。文中利用二维、三维地震,结合重力、钻井等资料,阐明了北部湾盆地构造演化过程,明确了典型构造发育的成因机制。结果表明：①北部湾盆地具有两坳一隆的构造格局,即北部坳陷带、南部坳陷带和中部隆起带。控凹边界断层为大型低角度拆离正断层,分割变质核杂岩与上盘岩石,其中下盘穹隆状变质核杂岩由地壳中-高级古老变质岩及晚期岩浆岩组成（包括被拆离断层切割的含糜棱状岩石的剪切带,如碎裂岩、角砾岩、糜棱岩和片麻岩等）;②受断裂伸展拆离,同时叠加晚期伸展应力旋转,乌石凹陷东区发育大型断层掀斜反转构造;③新提出“三明治”式地层充填模式下发育的顺层剪切走滑构造的形成机理。“三明治”式刚柔性岩石呈层状分布,在反转掀斜及后期应力场旋转叠加力的作用下,地层非常容易失衡,特别是在其界面处（刚柔界面、柔性界面内部）存在明显的物理力学差异性,二维层状滑动面摩擦阻力非常小,极易造成岩石的顺层剪切走滑。