一种基于复杂地形的设计模型建模及工程量计算方法

采用常规的二维方法计算工程量是相当烦琐复杂的工作,尤其是对基于复杂原始地形、不规则建筑物的工程量计算,选取不同计算方法得出的结果往往差异巨大.本文讨论采用建立三维设计方法,能快速建立三维原始地形模型和设计模型,高效地处理地形挖填并自动统计相应的工程量,同时可以立体直观地展示地形挖填的三维效果,显著提高设计效率和质量.     

中国探月工程

嫦娥五号（Change’E-5, CE-5）着上组合体与上升器先后成功着陆于月面。两探测器承担的任务不同,着陆方式不同,因此月面位置解算方法不同。联合统一X波段（united X-band,UXB）深空测距站及甚长基线干涉测量技术（very long baseline interferometry,VLBI）的测量数据计算两者的月面位置。采用联合统计定位方法得到CE-5着上组合体的月面位置。讨论分别基于数传与侧音差分单向测距（differential one-way ranging,DOR）两种信号对月面位置的影响。观测资料的时间跨度在一定程度上影响定位结果。采用多项式拟合的运动学统计定轨方法归算了上升器受控落月轨迹及落月位置,并与单点定位结果符合在40 m内。根据相关处理机最后输出时刻推算得到精确至ms的上升器的落月时刻。

     

墨西哥西马德雷山脉中—新生代构造、岩浆演化及成矿特征

墨西哥西马德雷山脉是白垩纪—新生代岩浆活动和构造运动形成的。中新生代岩浆活动可以分为5个主要阶段:侏罗纪—早白垩世、晚白垩世—古新世、始新世—渐新世、中新世早期和中新世中期—现代。这些岩浆活动和构造运动与法拉隆(Farallon)板块向北美大陆俯冲和加利福尼亚湾打开相关。墨西哥中新生代的成矿作用与东太平洋板块边缘连续的俯冲过程密切相关,矿床类型多样,包括VMS(与火山相关的块状硫化物)型、斑岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型、矽卡岩型等。     

关联视角下兰州市生产性服务业与制造业空间分布及区位选择比较

基于微观企业数据从关联性视角对兰州市生产性服务业与制造业空间分布特征和模式进行分析,进而探讨其区位选择因素的异同。研究表明：① 生产性服务业与制造业的空间布局均呈现出以主城区为主体、外围局部地区为补充的“中心-外围”空间格局,但生产性服务业集聚区主要集中在河谷地带的主城区,制造业集聚区则呈现出明显的郊区化趋势,二者在空间上存在关联的同时又具有一定的可分性。② 生产性服务业形成了以城市中心区和郊区国家级新区及卫星城镇为多元空间载体的“紧凑型-中心性”模式,制造业则形成了以国家级新区和产业园区为空间载体的“离散型-郊区化”模式。③ 生产性服务业与制造业企业的区位选择需在产业环境、要素禀赋以及政策导向方面进行权衡,生产性服务业企业较为关注区域整体发展氛围,制造业企业则更注重自然因素、区位历史和产业政策的影响。④ 传统型生产性服务业企业区位选择受到地方化经济、区位资源禀赋的影响最为显著,现代型和高端型生产性服务业企业则更容易受到政策的导引从而形成空间集聚;劳动密集型制造业企业主要依附在劳动力资源较为丰富且交通便利的地区,资本密集型制造业企业倾向于具有产业政策优势及土地成本优势的开发区和新区布局,技术密集型制造业企业受成本要素的制约较小且更加注重集聚经济的外部效用。     

胶东玲珑金矿田岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带构造成矿特征

玲珑金矿田位于胶东地区玲珑岩浆核杂岩体东部, 该杂岩体是由焦家断裂带和招远-平度断裂带所围限的具有复杂成因、多种来源和不同岩浆演化序列的一套岩体组合。在矿田内, 该杂岩体的内核由玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩和郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩组成; 上覆盖层为栾家河型中粗粒二长花岗岩及少量太古宙变质岩; 拆离带构造位于玲珑型似片麻状黑云母花岗岩体和栾家河型中粗粒二长花岗岩体的接触带, 是递进变形改造形成的破头青断裂带。破头青拆离带为上陡下缓的铲式断裂, 转折端深度为-300~-500 m, 拆离带往北东方向的转折端深度逐渐加深。为了解玲珑金矿田岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带构造演化与成矿特征, 对花岗岩成岩构造及后期脆韧性变形特征的观测结果显示, 断裂构造由成矿前期的挤压剪切转变为成矿期的伸展拆离, 韧脆性变形阶段均经历了多次应力转折。区内郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩成岩年龄(130~125 Ma)与拆离带塑性变形阶段(137~123 Ma)在时间上具有一致性, 拆离带脆性变形阶段(123~108 Ma)与矿田大规模成矿事件(125.8~105 Ma)的时间基本一致, 显示了玲珑金矿田的成矿与郭家岭型似斑状花岗闪长岩的隆起构造形成过程具有显著的关联性。玲珑金矿田岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离带的几何学、运动学、年代学特征, 展示了该构造的成控矿规律, 可用于指导玲珑金矿田的深部找矿。     

Comparison of parameter uncertainty analysis techniques for a TOPMODEL application

Parameter uncertainty in hydrologic modeling is crucial to the flood simulation and forecasting. The Bayesian approach allows one to estimate parameters according to prior expert knowledge as well as observational data about model parameter values. This study assesses the performance of two popular uncertainty analysis (UA) techniques, i.e., generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) and Bayesian method implemented with the Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, in evaluating model parameter uncertainty in flood simulations. These two methods were applied to the semi-distributed Topographic hydrologic model (TOPMODEL) that includes five parameters. A case study was carried out for a small humid catchment in the southeastern China. The performance assessment of the GLUE and Bayesian methods were conducted with advanced tools suited for probabilistic simulations of continuous variables such as streamflow. Graphical tools and scalar metrics were used to test several attributes of the simulation quality of selected flood events: deterministic accuracy and the accuracy of 95 % prediction probability uncertainty band (95PPU). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify sensitive parameters that largely affect the model output results. Subsequently, the GLUE and Bayesian methods were used to analyze the uncertainty of sensitive parameters and further to produce their posterior distributions. Based on their posterior parameter samples, TOPMODEL’s simulations and the corresponding UA results were conducted. Results show that the form of exponential decline in conductivity and the overland flow routing velocity were sensitive parameters in TOPMODEL in our case. Small changes in these two parameters would lead to large differences in flood simulation results. Results also suggest that, for both UA techniques, most of streamflow observations were bracketed by 95PPU with the containing ratio value larger than 80 %. In comparison, GLUE gave narrower prediction uncertainty bands than the Bayesian method. It was found that the mode estimates of parameter posterior distributions are suitable to result in better performance of deterministic outputs than the 50 % percentiles for both the GLUE and Bayesian analyses. In addition, the simulation results calibrated with Rosenbrock optimization algorithm show a better agreement with the observations than the UA’s 50 % percentiles but slightly worse than the hydrographs from the mode estimates. The results clearly emphasize the importance of using model uncertainty diagnostic approaches in flood simulations.     

基于用岛类型和方式的舟山市无居民海岛分类保护应用研究

无居民海岛是舟山市经济、社会和生态发展的重要资源支撑。为促进舟山市无居民海岛的精细化管理和可持续发展,文章分析舟山市无居民海岛开发利用和保护存在的问题,提出无居民海岛分类保护原则,基于国家权益类、自然保护区类、海洋特别保护区类、其他重要保护类、限制开发类和保留类的单岛功能定位分别制定管理方案,基于旅游娱乐用岛等9种用岛...     

Study on the Global Carbon Assimilation System Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data

The Paris agreement signed in April, 2016 aims to balance global anthropogenic carbon emissions and terrestrial carbon sinks by the middle of the 21^st century. To fulfill this goal, it is necessary to calculate carbon fluxes of different regions reliably. The global carbon assimilation system is an effective technique for achieving this goal. The Ministry of Science and Technology of China supports the project entitled as study on the global carbon assimilation system based on multisource remote sensing data through the national key research and development programs for global change and adaptation during the thirteen-five period. This project will develop synergic inversion techniques for retrieving key parameters of biological and atmospheric cycles and for assimilating multisource remote sensing and ground based data. Then, the high resolution global carbon assimilation system coupled with an ecological model will be constructed. This system is able to assimilate jointly multisource observation data and to optimize key model parameters, photosynthesis and respiration carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems, and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions. This system will be used to study quantitatively the spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes of global terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emission fluxes of key regions and to identify the mechanisms driving the global terrestrial carbon sinks and sources. The outputs of this study will be helpful for the fulfillment of the key research and development programs for global change and adaptation and provide valuable data and technical support for the decision-making in China.     

Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance

Euphotic depth can be defined as the portion of wa- ter column that supports the net primary productivity. Its lower end is the critical depth, namely, the depth measured when the daily net primary productivity is zero[1]. In the ecosystems of oceans, lakes and rivers, phytoplankton live in the euphotic depth and euphotic depth is usually taken as the lower boundary, when studying the primary productivity and biomass of phytoplankton; therefore the corresponding depth is sometimes called the t…     

基于网络药理学与分子对接探究连脂清肠汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制

目的：应用网络药理学与分子对接技术探究连脂清肠汤（LQD）治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的作用机制。方法：利用TCMSP和TCMID数据库收集LQD的活性成分及靶点,通过GeneCard、OMIM及TTD数据库获取UC疾病靶点,将药物与疾病靶点匹配得到共同靶点,使用Cytoscape 软件构建“中药-成分-靶点-疾病”网络图,将关键靶点导入STRING平台构建PPI网络,并用DAVID数据库对关键靶点进行基因本体（GO）功能、京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析,利用Auto Dock Tools对筛选所得活性成分与靶点蛋白进行分子对接验证。结果：获得LQD有效活性成分123种,LQD作用靶点216个,UC靶点1189个,共同靶点117个。LQD治疗UC的主要活性成分包括槲皮素、山柰酚、柚皮素、甘草查尔酮a、芒柄花黄素等。核心靶基因包括信号转录活化因子3（STAT3）、转录因子激活蛋白1（JUN）、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶1（AKT1）、核转录因子-κB p65（RELA）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等。GO功能主要包括RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子转录的正调控、凋亡过程的负调控、细胞核、细胞溶质、细胞质、蛋白结合、酶结合等。KEGG通路主要有癌症通路、TNF信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路等。分子对接结果表明核心成分与核心靶点结合性较好。结论：LQD治疗UC具有多组分、多靶点和多通路的特点。