穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响

用数值方法研宄穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响时,有些学者人为地设定了风速和热通量。这种做法可能会出现风速和热通量数值不匹配的问题。为了弥补这一缺陷,本文采用国内外常用的块体公式计算热通量的方法来代替人为设置,并以北太平洋为例,研究了穿透性太阳短波辐射对海洋混合层深度的影响。结果表明:低风速(U10<10m／s),且海表短波净辐射处于40～200 W／m2时,穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度影响很显著;高风速(U10>10m／s)和短波净辐射高值区(S*(0)>200 W／m2),穿透性太阳短波辐射对混合层深度的影响较小。     

海上桶基平台桶形基础渗流场的模型试验研究

海上桶形基础平台是一种新型平台，为研究其负压沉贯机理，了解沉贯过程中渗流场的基本特点，我们在室内进行了桶形基础渗流场模型试验。得到了渗流场的变化规律，验证了理论分析的结果，并得到一些有益的结论。     

A TEM study of the oriented orthopyroxene and forsterite inclusions in garnet from Otrøy garnet peridotite,WGR, Norway: new insights on crystallographic characteristics and growth energetics of exsolved pyroxene in relict majoritic garnet

Regularly oriented orthopyroxene (opx) and forsterite (fo) inclusions occur as opx + rutile (rt) or fo + rt inclusion domains in garnet (grt) from Otrøy peridotite. Electron diffraction characterization shows that forsterite inclusions do not have any specific crystallographic orientation relationships (COR) with the garnet host. In contrast, orthopyroxene inclusions have two sets of COR, that is, COR‐I: <111>_grt//<001>_opx and {110}_grt～//～{100}_opx (～13° off) and COR‐II: <111>_grt//<011>_opx and {110}_grt～//～{100}_opx (～14° off), in four garnet grains analysed. Both variants of orthopyroxene have a blade‐like habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel/sub‐parallel to {110}_grt plane and the long axis of the crystal, <001>_opx for COR‐I and <011>_opx for COR‐II, along <111>_grt direction. Whereas the lack of specific COR between forsterite and garnet, along with the presence of abundant infiltrating trails/veinlets decorated by fo + rt at garnet edges, provide compelling evidence for the formation of forsterite inclusions in garnet through the sequential cleaving–infiltrating–precipitating–healing process at low temperatures, the origin of the epitaxial orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet is not so obvious. In this connection, the reported COR, the crystal habit and the crystal growth energetics of the exsolved orthopyroxene in relict majoritic garnet were reviewed/clarified. The exsolved orthopyroxene in a relict majoritic garnet follows COR‐III: {112}_grt//{100}_opx and <111>_grt//<001>_opx. Based on the detailed trace analysis on published SEM images, these exsolved orthopyroxene inclusions are shown to have the crystal habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel to {112}_grt//{100}_opx and the long crystal axis along <111>_grt//<001>_opx. Such a crystal habit can be rationalized by the differences in oxygen sub‐lattices of both structures and represents the energetically favoured crystal shape of orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet formed by solid‐state exsolution mechanism. Considering the very different COR, crystal habit, as well as crystal growth direction, the orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet of the present sample most likely had been formed by mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution, regardless of their regularly oriented appearance in garnet and the COR specification between orthopyroxene and garnet. In fact, the crystallographic characteristics of orthopyroxene and the similar chemical compositions of garnet at opx + rt inclusion domains, fo + rt inclusion domains/trails and garnet rim suggest that the orthopyroxene inclusions in the garnet are most likely formed by similar cleaving‐infiltration process as forsterite inclusions, though probably at an earlier stage of metamorphism. This work demonstrates that the oriented inclusions in host minerals, with or without specific COR, can arise from mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution. Caution is thus needed in the interpretation of such COR, so that an erroneous identification of exhumation from UHP depths would not be made.     

接触变质带中的脱碳作用SCIEI北大核心CSCD

地球大气中的碳含量控制着地球长期(百万年尺度)和短期气候。最近的一些工作表明,地质历史中温室气候的时期和高强度的岩浆作用之间可能存在时间上的重合。从而提出假设,即火山和侵入岩与地壳碳酸盐岩之间相互作用释放的二氧化碳可能在调节外生系统的长期碳收支方面发挥了重要作用。例如,在Pangea超大陆裂解的过程中,特提斯体系大陆弧与白垩纪环太平洋弧的活动时间上重合。这些剧烈的大陆弧活动导致的接触变质作用释放的CO_(2)可能有助于形成白垩纪的温暖气候。除了这些宏观假设之外,接触变质作用产生的碳通量仍有待岩石学研究来解决。岩浆的加热和流体的渗透会促使围岩发生脱碳反应。富含H_(2)O的流体渗透会显著降低CO_(2)或其它含碳组分的活度,并有效地从系统中移除反应产物,从而促使通过发生更多的脱碳反应来恢复化学平衡。因此,渗透流体的通量和模式,无论是岩浆还是天水来源,对研究碳通量至关重要。在本文中,我们回顾了岩浆侵入周围的热量和流体传输以及碳酸盐岩和碳质变泥质岩组合的脱碳反应。对现代火山弧的观察表明,如果岩浆与上覆板块的碳酸盐岩地层相互作用,则会产生大量的碳通量。白垩纪大陆弧中丰富的矽卡岩和钙硅酸盐地体为量化从露头到造山尺度的碳通量提供了多样的野外研究机会。最后,本文概述了未来研究将要探索或解决的技术问题,包括流体来源和流动模式、含盐流体的相平衡以及脱碳的时间尺度等。     

Microthermometry and Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Fluid Inclusions in the Dongping Gold Deposit,Northern Margin of the North China Craton

To shed light on the genesis of the Dongping deposit and reveal the behaviour of CO₂, Au and other ore elements(e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, As, Sb, Co etc.) in ore-forming fluids, petrographic, microthermometric and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence(SRXRF) analyses of fluid inclusions were conducted. The ore-forming fluid is characterized as an H₂O-CO₂-NaCl system with medium-high temperatures and low salinity. Four mineralization stages are identified, namely, feld...     

大数据框架下金刚石地质成矿信息挖掘及应用

随着大数据时代的到来, 地质行业将大数据作为新兴增长点进行培育和挖掘, 以山东蒙阴金刚石矿集区为研究对象, 基于大数据实现地质工作和信息技术的深度融合, 通过数据统计、挖掘、洞察与预测等分析并集成融合与成矿系统相关的源、运、储、变、保等知识, 全面提取蒙阴地区多元地质信息, 建立西峪矿区金刚石矿多项指标的成矿地质信息模型, 开展三维可视化成矿预测, 进而圈定找矿远景区。探寻金刚石大数据管理、分析及成矿预测新技术方法, 促进成矿新认知与找矿新发现。     

塔北埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组多类型共生鲕粒特征及其成因探讨*

碳酸盐岩中的鲕粒是古沉积环境重建的重要载体之一。塔里木盆地北部露头剖面、星火1井区埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组潟湖相及浅滩相沉积中发现了多种类型鲕粒及其共生现象。文中通过剖面详勘、岩心观察以及薄铸片、阴极发光、环境扫描电镜等研究方法,阐明了不同类型鲕粒的基本特征及分布,探讨了鲕粒成核、生长的特殊沉积环境和成岩改造等过程。按显微结构、特殊形态、组合以及成岩改造,依次将研究区奇格布拉克组鲕粒划分出12种类型,其中大气淡水、快速拟晶白云岩化、重结晶、交代白云岩化等成岩作用主要发现于中等水动力条件形成的同心(圈)鲕、同心—放射状鲕等。近源风暴引起的底流和涡流产生的撕裂、磨损及搬运作用为泥晶(大)鲕、薄皮鲕、放射状泥晶(正常或大)鲕、脑状鲕以及部分球(或细菌)鲕、复鲕的成核和微生物作用提供了基本条件,而文石—白云石海中低能环境下的黏性软底质中广泛发育的文石—高镁方解石胶结促进鲕粒的形成; 前者发育于潮道或浅滩环境,后者发育于潮坪—潟湖环境,短暂风暴潮或底流是两者共生的可能原因。 微生物参与泥晶成核、一定水动力条件下台阶状生长、差异性成岩改造是前寒武纪多种类型鲕粒发育的主控因素。鲕模孔、粒间(内)溶孔、晶间孔、有机微孔等孔隙具有一定储集意义。对奇格布拉克组鲕粒的研究,有助于深化对前寒武纪古海洋和大气组分、黏性软底质中成核与生长中的水动力及微生物作用、早期成岩改造及孔隙形成与保存机理等的认识。     

滑坡体多排列电阻率联合成像探查试验研究

正滑坡是自然界最为普遍的地质灾害,尤其随着工程建设的高速发展,新建工程设施诱发的滑坡现象时有发生,进而产生一系列经济和社会问题。为减少滑坡造成的损失,采用有效的技术手段查明滑动面的空间位置是实施灾害治理的前提和关键。在地质勘察中,钻探能直观的揭露出不同深度岩土体的分布特征及物理力学参数,从而有效的推断出滑动软弱带的信息,但实际应用中滑坡带的范围较大,离散化的钻孔资料显然存在信息量不足的弊端,并且随机布局的钻孔并也不能提供最科学的地质信息。     

Characteristics of tropical cyclones formed in the Eastern Pacific Northwest

Natural Hazards - Typhoon is one of the main natural disasters affecting China. Every year typhoons cause lots of property losses and casualties. If the early warning department can issue early...     

革新钻井液技术以促进干热岩产业化开发

我国干热岩资源丰富,利用系数高,可为电力提供稳定基础荷载,被认为是能够担负起能源革命重任的可再生清洁能源,其规模开发对我国实现“碳达峰和碳中和”具有重要意义。然而,经历近半个世纪,目前世界范围内仅有少量利用EGS技术开发的干热岩示范项目有微量发电,实现产业化目标尚有许多技术瓶颈。通过研究EGS开发过程和钻井液技术,笔者提出：EGS钻井过程中存在钻井液漏失。因此,钻井液组分自身、钻井液与岩屑或井壁岩石、钻井液与热储裂缝表面岩石,在高温高压下会发生各种理化反应,生成新的物质。这些新的物质可能会沉淀在井壁和裂缝表面,甚至可能与井壁或裂缝表面岩石固结成一体,降低裂缝的有效空间,甚至封堵裂缝,且难以清除,使热储导流能力极大降低,难以达到发电要求的流量。因此,革新钻井液技术理念,研究EGS高温高压环境下钻井液组分和岩屑与温压之间的相互关系及其对钻井液性能的影响,利用先进的计算机数据统计、分析和计算技术,对钻井液性能、钻井液在井筒的流动特性以及钻井液与热储岩石的配伍性进行精准预测和控制,避免或减少钻井液漏失以及钻井液在热储环境下与岩石的反应,消除钻井液对热储伤害,提高渗透率,可能是干热岩产业化的技术突破。