华北克拉通东部鲁西早白垩纪基性岩墙成因:来自锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的证据

中生代基性辉绿岩墙广泛分布于华北克拉通东部山东地区。本研究给出代表性岩墙的U-Pb锆石年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据,4个代表性锆石的LA-ICP-MS年龄范围处于121.9±0.6Ma和124.3±0.5Ma之间(早白垩纪)。岩石的主量元素组成变化较小,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、U、K和Pb),以及亏损高场强元素(如,Nb、Ta和Ti)。另外,基性岩墙具有相对一致的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i比值(~0.7098),负的ε_Nd(t)值(-14.7~-14.5)、ε_Hf(t)值(-31.4~-26.7)和高的Hf模式年龄(t_DM1=1817~2024Ma)。研究显示基性岩墙来自富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,并在上升侵位过程中经历了一定程度的地壳混染作用影响。总体研究表明,基性岩墙的成因机制与扬子克拉通与华北克拉通的碰撞有关,岩浆源区为晚中生代前受俯冲扬子地壳沉积物交代后的富集岩石圈地幔。     

断层EDF技术在复杂断块构造研究中的应用

复杂断块构造具有断层复杂,小断层广泛发育,断层识别难度大,储层分布及连通性复杂,地震成像不清、资料品质较差等特征。对于此类问题,常规地震资料无法满足断层解释精度要求。提出了一种新的断层EDF解释性处理技术,将地震资料处理与解释融为一体,以提高资料的信噪比和断层的识别能力。断层EDF解释性处理技术是利用扩散滤波和中值倾角滤波相结合的断层增强滤波方法来提高资料的信噪比,突出断层和地层的接触关系,再在滤波后的地震资料数据体上进行分频处理,选择最佳成像频带,突出识别不同规模的断层。通过在涠洲A油田的应用,取得了良好的效果。     

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.     

Review on Montane Forest Eco-hydrology in Arid Area

Since the forest eco-hydrology of arid area shows a well sensitivity of the global climate change, the relationship between forest and water and the hydrological function has attracted the attention of academic communites and management departments. This paper expounds the research progress in arid mountain forest eco-hydrology, and analyses the formation and stable mechanism of forest patch pattern, the relationship between forest and water yield and the response of forest eco-hydrology to climate change from three aspects: Forest spatial pattern, hydrological process and its response to climate change. In addition, combined with the current research progress, the research emphases in the future are put forward: Strengthening the research on the coupling of vegetation pattern and hydrological process; solving the scale problem by using remote sensing technique and model; enhancing the understanding towards the hydrological function of forest; determining the suitable forest scale which can balance the relationship of ecology and hydrological effect.     

伊通盆地鹿乡断陷C区块含油饱和度与含油性分析

综合研究伊通盆地鹿乡断陷双二段储层的岩性、含油性和含油饱和度,确定了适用于本区的含油饱和度计算方法,并与实际含油性进行了对比,分析了沉积和构造对含油性的影响。研究区双二段含油储层的岩性以粉砂岩、细砂岩和砂砾岩为主,含油级别为荧光级以上。根据阿尔奇公式计算出的含油饱和度大部分与实际的含油性相符合,并将含油饱和度70%、50%和38%值作为本区气层、油层、油水层和水层的区分标准。本区储层的含油性受到沉积和构造两方面的控制,沉积作用主要控制储层的岩石结构和物性,构造控制油气的聚集,即在构造高部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要高,而在构造低部位,实际含油饱和度比计算结果要低。     

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗世石拐茨康叶表皮构造及古环境意义

甘肃宝积山盆地中侏罗统窑街组发现茨康类植物化石,通过对其外部形态和表皮构造研究,认定为石拐茨康叶(Czekanowskia(Vachrameevia)shiguaiensis)。对比当前化石及其现存最近对应种(the nearest living equivalent species)—Ginkgo biloba L.的气孔比率,得到宝积山盆地在中侏罗世的古大气CO_2体积分数为1.55×10~(-3),数值接近GEOCARBⅢ碳平衡模型的拟合曲线,表明茨康叶属植物也是恢复古大气CO_2体积分数的良好材料。同时,通过角质层特征进行古环境重建,结果表明宝积山盆地在中侏罗世时期气候较为温和湿润。     

黔西南纳相-秧坝地区金矿找矿远景分析

纳相—秧坝地区位于贞丰县烂泥沟金矿床和丫他、板其中型金矿床之间,处于兴义隆起与右江裂谷-前陆盆地两构造单元交界处,具有相同的区域成矿边界条件,矿床地质特征相似,具有Au、Sb、As、Hg土壤地球化学综合异常,岩石地球化学测量反映Hg、F、Sb具前缘晕特征;物探测量反映在T_2xm~4之下存在隐伏背斜。推测在T_2xm~4/T_2xm~3构造界面上,特别是在隐伏背斜轴部,具有较好的成矿条件,具有找矿远景。     

涪陵页岩气水平井定向技术

涪陵页岩气产能示范区作为国内首个国家级页岩气示范区,自2012年启动以来,通过不断的技术攻关和技术创新,形成了完善的国产化水平井钻井技术系列。2015年随着区块的转移,地质条件更趋复杂,定向施工面临着更多新的技术难题,在已有成熟技术的基础上,通过技术优化和先进的降摩减扭工具的应用,有效地解决了新区块的施工难题,推进了页岩气产能区的建设。     

宁波沿海陆源排污口放线菌(Actinomycetales sp.)的分布特点

利用454高通量测序技术对宁波沿海10个陆源排污口20个站位的放线菌的时空分布及5个工业排污口的放线菌的种类作了整体分析。成功鉴定出了83个属,84个种。研究结果显示:放线菌在陆源排污口的分布呈现季节性分布,从3月份到10月份,放线菌数量呈现先升高后下降的变化,5月份和8月份数量居高,在3月份和10月份偏低;在综合排污口(S4,S6,S8和S9)检测频次较高,在工业排污口(S1,S3,S5,S7和S10)检测频次居中,在市政排污口(S2)检出频次最低。不同类型的排污口,氨氮浓度的排出量不同,放线菌的种类和数量也不同。在5个工业排污口中,S7和S10检出的共同菌最多;在S7独自检出短双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium breve)、长双歧杆菌(B.longum)和两岐双岐杆菌(B.bifidum),表明存在粪源污染物;在S5检出皱孢链霉菌(Streptomyces scabrisporus)和硫藤黄链霉菌(S.thioluteus),显示有石油降解物和重金属的污染。总体上看,放线菌数量在距排污口外50m处略高于排污口处。排放指标越相似,菌的种类越接近。