Numerical simulation of dynamic process of the Tangshan earthquake

In this paper, the new LDDA (Lagrangian Discontinuous Deformation Analysis) method is used in modeling the dynamic process of the MS=7.8 Tangshan earthquake on July 28, 1976 and obtain directly the dynamic and quasi-static dislocations, shear stress drops, fracture velocities of the Tangshan earthquake fault. The simulation shows that the slip history at each point of the fault is different. The displacement vectors at the concave side of the fault is greater than that of the convex side of the fault. The "over shoot" of the fault slip is greatest at the middle part of the fault and attenuates to its ends. The rupture velocities of the fault from the epicenter towards south-west and towards north-east are 3.08 m/s and 1.18 m/s, respectively, the average one is 2.13 m/s. The maximum dynamic and quasi-static dislocations are 7.1 m and 6.2 m respectively, the average quasi-static one on the fault is 4.5 m. The maximum dynamic and quasi-static shear stress drops are 8.1 MPa and 5.4 MPa, respectively, the average quasi-static shear stress drop is 3.9 MPa.We found that the rupture velocities and shear stress are related to the initial stress states of the fault.     

Direct Observations of Atmospheric Transport and Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange from High-Precision Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Profile Measurements

The balloon-borne Aircore campaign was conducted in Inner Mongolia,China,on June 13 and 14 2018,which detected carbon dioxide(CO_2) and carbon monoxide(CO) profiles from surface to 24 km,showing strong positive and negative correlations between 8 km and 10 km on 13 and 14 June,respectively.Backward trajectories,meteorological analyses,and CO_2 horizontal distributions were combined to interpret this phenomenon.The results indicated that the source region experienced a stratospheric intrusion and exhibited a large horizontal CO_2 gradient;namely,lower CO concentrations corresponded to higher CO_2 concentrations and vice versa.The laminar structure with multiple origins resulted in the highly negative correlation between CO_2 and CO in the upper troposphere on 14 June.The contribution of stratospheric air mass to the upper troposphere and that of tropospheric air mass to the lower stratosphere were 26.7% and24.3%,respectively,based on a mass balance approach.Another interesting phenomenon is that CO_2 and CO concentrations increased substantially at approximately 8 km on 13 June.An analysis based on the backward trajectory implied that the air mass possibly came from anthropogenic sources.The slope of CO_2/CO representing the anthropogenic sources was 87.3 ppm ppm~(-1).In addition,the CO_2 profile showed that there was a large CO_2 gradient of 4 ppm km-1 within the boundary layer on 13 June,and this gradient disappeared on 14 June.     

从三个平面看概数词“好多”与“好几”

概数词“好多”与“好几”在分布、语义辖域、和语用倾向等方面既具有其相同的一面 ,也有相对的一面 ,还有相交叉的一面。它们所能出现的语法位置有异有同 ,“好几”表数范围具有定性和“好多”表数范围则无定性 ,同时还“好几”具有显示个体作用的性质     

中国境内可能存在一条新的高压/超高压(?)变质带——青藏高原拉萨地体中发现榴辉岩带

新发现榴辉岩带位于拉萨北东方向,产在青藏高原拉萨地体中东部。观察到的榴辉岩带宽度约500~600m,呈近东西向延伸,已知规模10km以上。榴辉岩为常见的金红石榴辉岩、石英榴辉岩和多硅白云母榴辉岩。榴辉岩的单斜辉石中含硬玉分子变化较大,Jd=16%~44%,但均落于绿辉石成分区间;石榴子石中镁铝榴石(Pyrope)端元组分16%~33%,铁铝榴石(Alm)40%~54%,钙铝榴石(Gross)22%~31%。利用Grt-Omp-Phe和Grt-Omp矿物组合对变质温-压初步估算,获得金红石榴辉岩样品06Y-334的变质p、t分别为2.58GPa、635℃和2.67GPa、730℃,样品06Y-345的t主要在680~780℃区间,样品06Y-336的t主要在640~740℃区间,3个样品获得的结果相近。显微镜观察表明多硅白云母可能为折返阶段的退变质矿物而不属变质峰期的矿物,推测峰期的压力值有可能高于2.67GPa而进入柯石英稳定区间(p>2.8GPa)。石榴子石和绿辉石中出现的一些类似柯石英假象的石英包裹体与这一推断相吻合。以上初步研究结果表明,拉萨地体的榴辉岩带可能是中国境内又一条高压/超高压(?)变质带。     

我国中、新生代盆地砂岩型铀矿沉积环境研究概述①

分析我国砂岩型铀矿沉积环境研究领域现状及研究意义、含铀碎屑沉积建造类型及其沉积特征、砂岩型铀矿成矿有利相位，并提出砂岩型铀矿沉积环境研究应该注意的几个问题。     

大厂矿田长坡矿床深部区叠瓦状构造控矿特征及找矿前景分析

长坡矿床深部区是近年来在大厂长坡矿区深部取得了较好找矿效果的一个勘查靶区,新发现了77-1号、77-2号、75-1号、115号等多个锡多金属矿体,这些矿体均赋存于大厂断裂F1及其下盘F1-1、F3、F5组成的叠瓦状构造中,锡多金属矿体呈似层状、脉状产出,这些新发现展示了良好的找矿前景。文章在研究该勘查区矿床特征及叠瓦状构造控矿特征的基础上,结合井中物探、化探资料,对该区的找矿远景和找矿方向进行了探讨。     

湖南锡田锡矿的发现及找矿潜力分析

湖南锡田锡多金属矿是近些年来南岭继骑田岭锡矿取得重大突破后寻找锡矿又一大的发现。锡田锡多金属矿由锡田岩体内外与岩体有明显成因联系的若干类型矿床组成。在南北长约18km,东西宽约10km的范围内,蕴藏的矿产资源包括锡、钨等多种金属矿产。形成一个以锡田岩体为中心向外依次为岩体型钨-锡矿床→构造蚀变带(脉)型钨-锡矿床→矽卡岩型(复合型)锡-钨矿床→铅-锌矿床的矿化分带。笔者通过对锡田锡矿主要矿床(化)类型的产出规律、赋存状态、形成原因与模式的探讨和研究,认为在同一成矿区形成种类齐全的不同的矿床类型是这一地区找矿潜力巨大的最重要的依据。笔者对锡田锡矿的找矿潜力进行了进一步分析,并对锡田锡矿资源量进行了初步预测。     

用于多接收器等离子体质谱铜铁锌同位素测定的离子交换分离方法

采用AGMP-1阴离子交换树脂，分别以7mol／L HCl、2mol／L HCl、0．5mol／L HNO3作为淋洗剂，可有效分离Cu、Fe、Zn。介绍了方法的基本原理、化学分离过程及混合标准溶液与地质标样的分离结果。结果表明，Cu、Fe、Zn回收率均接近100％，标准溶液在离子交换分离前后同位素组成一致，可以满足多接收器等离子体质谱对Cu、Fe、Zn同位素高精度分析的要求。     

离子色谱法测定五氧化二铌和五氧化二钽中痕量氟氯和硫酸根离子的前处理方法

采用马弗炉将样品与NaOH混合进行熔融煅烧，热去离子水提取、离心、稀释后过OnGuard Ⅱ H柱和过滤膜进行前处理，抑制型电导离子色谱法检测，测定了Ta2O5和Nb2O5的氟离子、氯离子和硫酸根离子。该方法对三种被测阴离子的检测限（s／N=3）在0．15～0．70μg／g（以固体样品实际浓度计）或0．136～0．623μg／L（以溶液浓度计），标准曲线线性范围均在两个数量级以上，方法的精密度（RSD，n=7）小于5．46％，回收率为88％～106％，具有灵敏度高、选择性好、重现性佳、对环境友好等特点，用于实际样品的检测，结果令人满意。     

华北克拉通北部地区古-中元古代富碱侵入岩年代学及意义

本文报道华北克拉通北部燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽-吉拗拉谷内一系列古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年龄。这些岩体整体呈近东西向分布，与该地区同期发育的其他非造山球斑花岗岩、斜长岩和大红裕组火山岩都形成于拉张性构造环境，并构成了一条长近千公里的迄今国内外最古老的富碱侵入岩带。该富碱侵入岩带具有东部较老（〉1．8Ga）和西部年轻（1．7Ga左右）的特点，它提供了华北克拉通在1．85—1．70Ga期间处于裂解构造格局的最好证据，丰富了全球性前寒武纪超大陆裂解的研究内容。