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11.
12.
Trilobite Biostratigraphy of the lower Paleozoic (Cambrian–Ordovician) Joseon Supergroup, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
CHOI Duck K. LEE Jeong Gu LEE Seung-Bae PARK Tae-Yoon S. HONG Paul S. 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):1976-1999
In Korea,trilobites are among the most intensively studied fossil groups in the past century and provide invaluable information about lower Paleozoic stratigraphy,paleogeography,and tectonics of the Korean Peninsula. Trilobites occur in the lower Paleozoic Joseon Supergroup of the Taebaeksan Basin which was part of the Sino-Korean Craton in the Paleozoic. The Joseon Supergroup is divided into the Taebaek,Yeongwol,and Mungyeong groups. The Taebaek and Yeongwol groups are richly fossiliferous,while the Mungyeong Group is poorly fossiliferous. Contrasting trilobite faunal contents of the Taebaek and Yeongwol groups resulted in two separate biostratigraphic schemes for the Cambrian–Ordovician of the Taebaeksan Basin. A total of 22 biozones or fossiliferous horizons were recognized in the Taebaek Group; 19 zones were established in the Yeongwol Group; and four biozones were known from the Mungyeong Group. These trilobite biozones of the Taebaeksan Basin indicate the Joseon Supergroup ranges in age from the Cambrian Series 2 to Middle Ordovician and can be correlated well with the formations of North China,South China,and Australia. 相似文献
13.
A factor analysis was applied to soil geochemical data to define anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization. A favorable main factor with a strong association of the elements Zn, Cu and Pb, related to mineralization, was selected for interpretation. The median + 2MAD (median absolute deviation) method of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and C-A (concentration-area) fractal modeling were then applied to the Mahalanobis distance, as defined by Zn, Cu and Pb from the factor analysis to set the thresholds for defining multi-element anomalies. As a result, the median + 2MAD method more successfully identified the Pb-Zn mineralization than the C-A fractal model. The soil anomaly identified by the median + 2MAD method on the Mahalanobis distances defined by three principal elements (Zn, Cu and Pb) rather than thirteen elements (Co, Zn, Cu, V, Mo, Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb, Ba, Sr, Zr and Ti) was the more favorable reflection of the ore body. The identified soil geochemical anomalies were compared with the in situ economic Pb-Zn ore bodies for validation. The results showed that the median + 2MAD approach is capable of mapping both strong and weak geochemical anomalies related to buried Pb-Zn mineralization, which is therefore useful at the reconnaissance drilling stage. 相似文献
14.
A heavy rainfall case related to Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) over
the Korean Peninsula was selected to investigate the impact of radar data
assimilation on a heavy rainfall forecast. The Weather Research and
Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation
system with tuning of the length scale of the background error covariance
and observation error parameters was used to assimilate radar radial
velocity and reflectivity data. The radar data used in the assimilation
experiments were preprocessed using quality-control procedures and
interpolated/thinned into Cartesian coordinates by the SPRINT/CEDRIC
packages. Sensitivity experiments were carried out in order to determine the
optimal values of the assimilation window length and the update frequency
used for the rapid update cycle and incremental analysis update experiments.
The assimilation of radar data has a positive influence on the heavy
rainfall forecast. Quantitative features of the heavy rainfall case, such as
the maximum rainfall amount and Root Mean Squared Differences (RMSDs) of
zonal/meridional wind components, were improved by tuning of the length
scale and observation error parameters. Qualitative features of the case,
such as the maximum rainfall position and time series of hourly rainfall,
were enhanced by an incremental analysis update technique. The positive
effects of the radar data assimilation and the tuning of the length scale
and observation error parameters were clearly shown by the 3DVAR increment. 相似文献
15.
ALEXANDER N. KROT MICHAEL I. PETAEV EDWARD R. D. SCOTT BYEON-GAK CHOI MICHAEL E. ZOLENSKY KLAUS KEIL 《Meteoritics & planetary science》1998,33(5):1065-1085
Abstract— The oxidized CV3 chondrites can be divided into two major subgroups or lithologies, Bali-like (CV3oxB) and Allende-like (CV3oxA), in which chondrules, calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and matrices show characteristic alteration features (Weisberg et al, 1997; Krot et al, 1997d; Kimura and Ikeda, 1997). The CV3oxB lithology is present in Bali, Kaba, parts of the Mokoia breccia and, possibly, in Grosnaja and Allan Hills (ALH) 85006. It is characterized by the presence of the secondary low-Ca phyllosilicates (saponite and sodium phlogopite), magnetite, Ni-rich sulfides, fayalite (Fa>90), Ca-Fe-rich pyroxenes (Fs10–50Wo45–50) and andradite. Phyllosilicates replace primary Ca-rich minerals in chondrules and CAIs, which suggests mobilization of Ca during aqueous alteration. Magnetite nodules are replaced to various degrees by fayalite, Ca-Fe-rich pyroxenes and minor andradite. Fayalite veins crosscut fine-grained rims around chondrules and extend into the matrix. Thermodynamic analysis of the observed reactions indicates that they could have occurred at relatively low temperatures (<300 °C) in the presence of aqueous solutions. Oxygen isotopic compositions of the coexisting magnetite and fayalite plot close to the terrestrial fractionation line with large Δ18Ofayalite-magnetite fractionation (~20%). We infer that phyllosilicates, magnetite, fayalite, Ca-Fe-rich pyroxenes and andradite formed at relatively low temperatures (<300 °C) by fluid-rock interaction in an asteroidal environment. Secondary fayalite and phyllosilicates are virtually absent in chondrules and CAIs in the CV3oxA lithology, which is present in Allende and its dark inclusions, Axtell, ALHA81258, ALH 84028, Lewis Cliff (LEW) 86006, and parts of the Mokoia and Vigarano breccias. Instead secondary nepheline, sodalite, and fayalitic olivine are common. Fayalitic olivine in chondrules replaces low-Ca pyroxenes and rims and veins forsterite grains; it also forms coarse lath-shaped grains in matrix. Secondary Ca-Fe-rich pyroxenes are abundant. We infer that the CV3oxA lithology experienced alteration at higher temperatures than the CV3oxB lithology. The presence of the reduced and CV3oxA lithologies in the Vigarano breccia and CV3oxA and CV3oXB lithologies in the Mokoia breccia indicates that all CV3 chondrites came from one heterogeneously altered asteroid. The metamorphosed clasts in Mokoia (Krot and Hutcheon, 1997) may be rare samples of the hotter interior of the CV asteroid. We conclude that the alteration features observed in the oxidized CV3 chondrites resulted from the fluid-rock interaction in an asteroid during progressive metamorphism of a heterogeneous mixture of ices and anhydrous materials mineralogically similar to the reduced CV3 chondrites. 相似文献
16.
Byeon‐Gak CHOI Alexander N. KROT John T. WASSON 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2000,35(6):1239-1248
Abstract— We report in situ measurements of O‐isotopic compositions of magnetite and primary and secondary olivine in the highly unequilibrated oxidized CV chondrites Kaba and Mokoia. In both meteorites, the magnetite and the secondary olivine (fayalite, Fa90–100) have O‐isotopic compositions near the terrestrial fractionation (TF) line; the mean Δ17O (= δ17O‐0.52 × δ18O) value is about ?1%‰. In contrast, the compositions of nearby primary (chondrule), low‐FeO olivines (Fa1–2) are well below the TF line; Δ17O values range from ?3 to ?9%‰. Krot et al. (1998) summarized evidence indicating that the secondary phases in these chondrites formed by aqueous alteration in an asteroidal setting. The compositions of magnetite and fayalite in Kaba and Mokoia imply that the O‐isotopic composition of the oxidant was near or somewhat above the TF line. In Mokoia the fayalite and magnetite differ in δ18O by ~20%‰, whereas these same materials in Kaba have virtually identical compositions. The difference between Mokoia magnetite and fayalite may indicate formation in isotopic equilibrium in a water‐rich environment at low temperatures, ~300 K. In contrast, the similar compositions of these phases in Kaba may indicate formation of the fayalite by replacement of preexisting magnetite in dry environment, with the O coming entirely from the precursor magnetite and silica. The Δ17O of the oxidant incorporated into the CV parent body (as phyllosilicates or H2O) appears to have been much (7–8%‰) lower than that in that incorporated into the LL parent body (Choi et al, 1998), which suggests that the O‐isotopic composition of the nebular gas was spatially or temporally variable. 相似文献
17.
The southern part of the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan including the Kii peninsula belongs to the tectonic ‘shadow zone’, where fewer conspicuous active faults and less Quaternary sediments develop than in the Nankai subduction zone and Inner Zone of Southwest Japan. In order to study the paleostress sequence of the Kii peninsula, we analyzed fault‐slip data and tension gashes at pilot sites of Early–Middle Miocene forearc sediments and Late Cretaceous accretionary complex. According to the results, six faulting events are reconstructed in sequence: (i) east–west extension (normal faulting); (ii) east–west compression and north–south extension (strike‐slip faulting); (iii) NNW–SSE compression and ENE–WSW extension (strike‐slip faulting); (iv) northeast–southwest compression and northwest–southeast extension (strike‐slip faulting); (v) WNW–ESE compression (strike‐slip or reverse faulting); and (vi) NNE–SSW extension. The north–south to NNW–SSE trending dyke swarm of Middle Miocene age in the Kii peninsula is thought to be related to Event 3, implying that Event 3 was active at least during the Middle Miocene. Because Event 6 is recognized solely at a site, the overall latest faulting event seems to be Event 5. Assuming that the compression results from the motion of the crust or plate, the compression direction of Event 5 is in good accordance with the present‐day WNW crustal velocity vectors of the Kii peninsula. The stress trajectory map of Southeast Korea and Southwest Japan reveals that the current compression directions of the Kii peninsula correspond to the combinatory stress fields of the Himalayan and Philippine Sea tectonic domains. 相似文献
18.
The Nampo dike, which is located at the west coast of Korea, was destroyed by wave overtopping during the storms on 30 August and 17 September in 1959. In this paper, is performed the probabilistic assessment of wave overtopping of Nampo dike by use of Owen model, Van der Meer & Janssen model and Hedges & Reis model for wave overtopping of seawall. Based on the available tidal and wave data for storm surges in 1989, the risk assessment of wave overtopping of the Nampo dike has been carried out by both Level Ⅱ and Level Ⅲ reliability methods. The calculated resuhs show the general agreement of failure probability between the two methods. By utilizing the rehabilitated cross section of Nampo dike, the failure probability of wave overtopping for the Nampo dike after rehabilitation will be rapidly reduced to that of initial design at crest level of 9.0 m with the improved slope from 1 : 2 to 1 : 4 at seaside. Since the sea level may only rise 1.0 m in the next few decades, the failure probability of Nampo dike will be still in the safe range. 相似文献
19.
Wave-tide-surge coupled model simulation for Typhoon Maemi 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
1 IntroductionThe main reason for coupling the tide and surgehydrodynamic model with a surface wave model canbe found in the physical interactions taking place inthe surface and bottom boundary layers. During thesevere storm conditions such interactions a… 相似文献
20.