与特征断层结合的地震活动空间光滑模型在衡水市活断层地震危险性评价中的应用

在衡水市活断层地震危险性评价中,应用研究区域的地震活动性数据建立恰当的分布式地震活动性空间光滑模型,并结合断层对周边地震危险性的影响,计算前磨头断裂和衡水断裂在不同超越概率下上限震级分别为6.5、6.0级的区域基岩峰值加速度。研究发现,研究区域内50年超越概率为63%的基岩峰值加速度略有增加;50年超越概率为10%、5%的基岩峰值加速度在断层附近有所增加。研究表明在较低超越概率的情况下,断层周围如深州市、冀州市和衡水市辖区的地震危险性大于其他地区;利用仪器记录资料得到的地震活动性模型并结合断层资料计算出的地震危险性结果能够反映衡水地区现今的地震活动水平和危险性水平。     

利用CUDA实现矢量地图栅格化的并行处理

为了解决矢量地图栅格化的计算效率问题,提出了基于CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture,计算统一设备架构）实现矢量地图栅格化的并行处理方案。根据矢量地图中多边形的数目和GPU（Graphic Processing Unit,图形处理器）的硬件性能,定义并行执行的线程数目,每一个线程对相应的多边形进行边填充栅格化。实验结果表明加速比达到了10倍以上。相比CPU（Central Processing Unit,中央处理器）栅格化的处理方法,运算效率有显著提升。     

Geo-Pragmatics for the Geospatial Semantic Web

Geo‐Pragmatics is introduced here as an enhanced representation for ontologies in which geospatial, geographical and geoscientific concepts are not only defined, but their pragmatic context is also captured and potentially reasoned with. A framework for representing such context is developed using three core aspects: dimensions, agents and roles. Dimensions consist of a concept's origins, uses and effects; these are generated by the interaction of human, machine and natural agents, and involve entities with roles developed from method‐driven perspectives and epistemic‐driven versions. The relationship between these core aspects is explored conceptually and implications for geoscientific ontologies are discussed, including identification of a basic ontological type, the situated concept, whose meaning is defined by its geographical‐historical context. Geo‐pragmatics should help geoscientists evaluate the scientific merit, and fitness for scientific use, of geoscientific ontologies in emerging e‐science initiatives.     

Enabling global exchange of groundwater data: GroundWaterML2 (GWML2)

GWML2 is an international standard for the online exchange of groundwater data that addresses the problem of data heterogeneity. This problem makes groundwater data hard to find and use because the data are diversely structured and fragmented into numerous data silos. Overcoming data heterogeneity requires a common data format; however, until the development of GWML2, an appropriate international standard has been lacking. GWML2 represents key hydrogeological entities such as aquifers and water wells, as well as related measurements and groundwater flows. It is developed and tested by an international consortium of groundwater data providers from North America, Europe, and Australasia, and facilitates many forms of data exchange, information representation, and the development of online web portals and tools.     

汶川地震对芦山地震及周边 断层发震概率的影响

大震后区域静态库仑应力变化常常被用于解释区域地震活动性速率的变化、 主震断层外余震的发生以及即将失稳断层的地震发生概率的变化. 2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震的发生重新引起了对2008年5月12日汶川M_S8.0大地震的热议. 利用含(滑移)速率和状态的摩擦定律, 结合汶川大地震前后的地震活动性水平, 定量化计算了汶川地震后雅安地区发震概率的变化, 并着重解释了芦山地震发震的可能根源. 此外, 还对库仑应力明显增加的鲜水河断层和熊坡断层进行了发震概率的定量化计算, 计算结果与中国地震台网中心的地震目录基本符合. 鲜水河断层从汶川地震后至今近5年来未发生M>6.0地震, 而M>6.0的发震概率已约为60%; 熊坡断层自汶川地震以来尚未发生M>4.0地震, 芦山地震后M>4.0的发震概率已接近90%. 所以, 我们认为鲜水河断层附近将成为M>6.0地震的重点防范地区, 熊坡地区将来仍旧存在发生中强地震的危险性.