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151.
Juan Huang Yanli Feng Jian Li Bin Xiong Jialiang Feng Sheng Wen Guoying Sheng Jiamo Fu Minghong Wu 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,61(1):1-20
The levels of carbonyl compounds in Shanghai ambient air were measured in five periods from January 2007 to October 2007 (covering
winter, high-air-pollution days, spring, summer and autumn). A total of 114 samples were collected and eighteen carbonyls
were identified. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls and their mean concentrations of
19.40 ± 12.00, 15.92 ± 12.07 and 11.86 ± 7.04 μg m−3 respectively, in the daytime for five sampling periods. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde showed similar diurnal profiles with
peak mixing ratios in the morning and early afternoon during the daytime. Their mean concentrations were highest in summer
and lowest in winter. Acetone showed reversed seasonal variation. The high molecular weight (HMW, ≥C5) carbonyls also showed
obvious diurnal variations with higher concentrations in the daytime in summer and autumn, while they were all not detected
in winter. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde played an important role in removing OH radicals in the atmosphere, but the contribution
of acetone was below 1%. The carbonyls levels in high-air-pollution days were reported. More carbonyl species with higher
concentrations were found in high-air-pollution days than in spring. These carbonyls were transported with other pollutants
from north and northwest in March 27 to April 2, 2007 and then mixed with local sources. Comparing with Beijing and Guangzhou,
the concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in Shanghai were the highest, which indicated that the air pollution in
Shanghai was even worse than expected. 相似文献
152.
153.
青藏高原对亚洲季风平均环流影响的数值试验 总被引:7,自引:8,他引:7
利用垂直方向具有9层σ面、水平方向菱形截断波数为15的全球大气环流谱模式和有、无青藏高原大地形两种情况下10年积分的模拟结果,研究了青藏高原大地形对亚洲季风平均环流的影响。结果表明:有、无青藏高原大地形,亚洲冬、夏季季风平均环流均存在很大的差异。去除地形,使夏季高层的南亚高压、低层的大陆热低压、副热带高压及冬季的大陆冷高压在位置或强度上发生了改变;地形的有、无决定着冬季东亚大槽的强度;索马里越赤道气流有地形时明显较无地形时强;地形的有无还影响着降水强度和雨带的分布。另外,副热带高压中心及雨带的季节性移动与高原大地形的存在与否亦有很大的关系 相似文献
154.
采用审查回归模型,分别选取了中国东、中、西部的三个典型城市无锡、武汉和西安,计算了三城市受访者的支付意愿值,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:(1)支付意愿值与地区经济发展水平直接相关。无锡、武汉和西安受访者的支付意愿分别为21.68,17.15和10.07元/年;(2)年龄越长者,由于其天气知识更丰富、日常消费较节俭,对气象服务的支付意愿越低;(3)文化程度越高者,更能理解和支持气象服务事业,对气象服务的支付意愿越高;(4)月收入变量对气象服务的支付意愿有显著影响,但就不同城市的受访者而言,影响的方向并不一致。 相似文献
155.
低平流层准两年变率研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
分析NCAR/NCEP40年分析资料得出,赤道低平流层纬向风年际变率的平均周期约28.2个月,最大振幅的20hPa,西(东)风距平平垂直下传平均速度1.21(1.04)km/月。用10hPa和70hPa月平均纬向风标准化距平之差反映整层准两年变率的相位。低平流层两半球中纬气温有与之配合的振荡,西(东)风切变时,中纬气温偏低(高)。赤道纬向风准两年变率引起的经圈环流异常是联系低续续向风与中纬气温准年 相似文献
156.
We examined both long-term climate variability and anthropogenic contributions to current climate change for Xinjiang province of northwest China. Xinjiang encompasses several mountain ranges and inter-mountain basins and is comprised of a northern semiarid region and a more arid southern region. Climate over the last three centuries was reconstructed from tree rings and temperature series were calculated for the past 50 years using weather station data. Three major conclusions from these analyses are: (1) Although temperature varied considerably in Xinjiang over the last 200 years, it was non-directional until the last 50 years when a substantial warming trend occurred; (2) The semiarid North Xinjiang was representative of the northern hemisphere climate, while the more arid South Xinjiang resembled the southern hemisphere climate, meanwhile, (3) The entire Xinjiang province captured the global-scale climate signal. We also compared human contributions to global change between North and South Xinjiang, including land cover/land use, population, and greenhouse gas production. For both regions, urban areas acted as heat islands; and large areas of grassland and forest were converted to barren land, especially in North Xinjiang. Additionally, North Xinjiang also showed larger increase in population and greenhouse gas emissions mainly associated with animal production than those in South Xinjiang. Although Xinjiang province is a geographically coupled mountain–basin system, the two regions have distinct climate patterns and anthropogenic activities related to land cover conversion and greenhouse gas production. 相似文献
157.
158.
Size Distributions and Elemental Compositions of Particulate Matter on Clear, Hazy and Foggy days in Beijing, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Total suspended particulates(TSP)samples were collected using low pressure impactors(Andersen Series 20-800,USA)on typical clear,hazy and foggy days in Beijing in order to investigate the characteristics of size distributions and elemental compositions of particulate matter(PM)in different weather conditions. The concentrations of sixteen elements,including Na,Mg,Al,K,Ca,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Cd,Ba,Tl and Pb were detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The results showed that Ca,Al,Fe,Mg and Ba on foggy days were 2.0-2.6 times higher than on clear days,and 2.3-2.9 times higher than on hazy days.Concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Se and Pb on foggy days were 163.5,1186.7,65.9,32.0 and 708.2 ng m-3,respectively,in fine particles,and 68.1,289.5,19.8,1.6 and 103.8 ng m-3,respectively,in coarse particles.This was 1.0-8.4 times higher and 1.4-7.4 times higher than on clear and hazy days,respectively.It is then shown that Mg,Al,Fe,Ca and Ba were mainly associated with coarse particles,peaking at 4.7-5.8μm;that Cd,Se,Zn,As,Tl and Pb were most dominant in fine particles,peaking at 0.43-1.1μm;and that Na,K,Ni,Cu and Mn had a multi-mode distribution,with peaks at 0.43-1.1μm and 4.7-5.8μm.The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements. 相似文献
159.
利用攀枝花市1988~2010年5~10月的逐时降水资料,对各历时各级强降水的时空分布特征进行了分析,利用皮尔逊-Ⅲ型频率分布函数,计算了攀枝花市4站1h、3h和6h各重现期的极端最大降水量。结果表明:各级强降水主要集中在6~9月,以7月为最多,且日变化特征显著,最容易出现在00~05时。1h、3h、6h的最大降水量均出现在盐边,盐边和市区更容易发生1h≥50mm的极端强降水。短时强降水过程具有非常强的局地性,单站过程高达80%,且雨强越大局地性越强。各历时各重现期的极端最大降水量均以盐边为最大。 相似文献
160.
普通黑光灯对稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱的诱虫量与气象因子的相关分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以1991年至2008年广东省恩平市的观测数据,分析了普通黑光灯对稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱诱虫量与气象条件的相关性.结果表明:稻纵卷叶螟蛾年总诱量与年总降雨量呈正相关,稻飞虱成虫年诱量与年降雨量呈负相关,稻纵卷叶螟蛾与主要为害的5、6、8月降雨均呈正相关,与7月降雨则呈负相关;稻飞虱与5、7、8月降雨均为负相关,与6月降雨为正相关.此外,热带气旋个数与稻飞虱年诱虫量呈负相关;与稻纵卷叶螟蛾年诱虫量呈正相关.综合分析表明,稻纵卷叶螟蛾与稻飞虱与气象因子比较有较大的差别,对普通黑光灯诱虫量有极大的影响,可间接预测预报两迁飞性害虫的发生量,为准确预测预报两迁害虫为害提供参考. 相似文献