一体化研究方法在塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用

塔中地区现有三维地震资料覆盖面积4530km2以上,并已全部实现数据加载。为提高该区碳酸盐岩储层预测的精度和效率,在前期工作的基础上,初步建立了塔中一体化研究平台,进行包括数据管理、地层对比、储层对比、储层地震响应特征分析和储层综合评价在内的应用研究。结果表明,可以实现数据共享和有效管理,实现地质、地震、测井的有机结合。数据整理和实现办法适合实际,能清晰直观地体现碳酸盐岩储层发育情况。     

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组优质储层特征

对四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组地质、测井和地震数据的分析表明,该区优质储层多由残余鲕粒白云岩构成,储集空间以裂缝-孔隙型为主,属于中等孔隙度高渗透率性质的储层。优质储层测井曲线多具有低伽马、低速度、低密度和高中子孔隙度的"三低一高"特征,地震反射响应特征为中—强反射振幅并和地层顶底面反射形成典型的"亮点",可利用约束稀疏脉冲反演表征储层的纵横向分布。认为地质与地震相结合是预测飞仙关组优质储层的有效方法。     

Implication of coupled natural and human systems in sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in HKH region

The sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems, the vital ecosystems providing many important ecosystem services for millions of people in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region is presently confronted with a number of challenges. A coupled natural and human systems approach is needed to facilitate effective collaboration among social scientists, bio/physical scientists, and management practitioners to better understand how people interact with the environment in which they live. In pursuing this argument, three existing case studies, i.e. Indigenous rangeland management in Himalayan Nepal, Cultivated Grassland Systems in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Grassland Restoration in Central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were synthesized in this paper to address the importance of coupled natural and human systems in promoting sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region. It was concluded although the research sites and objectives were very different, that these three case studies had many commonalities that addressed the complex interactions and feedbacks between natural and human systems, and highlighted the integration of various tools and techniques from the ecological and social sciences, as well as other disciplines, in sustainable rangeland management. These case studies have offered unique interdisciplinary insights into complexities that cannot be gained from ecological or social research alone. The results from these case studies can be applied to many other coupled systems at local, national, and global levels.     

Identification of temporal and spatial variations of water quality in Sanya Bay,China by three-way principal component analysis

A large data set obtained by a 1-year monthly determination of water quality from Sanya Bay, South China Sea, was treated by three-way principal component analysis aimed at exploring the spatial and temporal patterns of water quality in Sanya Bay. Tucker3 model of optimum complexity (2, 2, 1) explaining 33.18% of the data variance, allowed interpretation of the data information in three modes. The model explained spatial and temporal variation trends in terms of water quality variables during the study period. Water quality in sampling station (S2) Sanya River was mainly influenced by Sanya River, and water quality in other stations (S1, S3–S10) were mainly influenced by the waters in South China Sea. The results delineated the mouth of Sanya River as critical from pollution point of view. The dry season from October to the next April and rainy season from May to September have different influences on water quality in Sanya Bay. The information extracted by the three-way models would be very useful to regional agencies in developing a strategy to carry out scientific plans for resource use based on marine system functions.     

Spatial patterns and environmental associations of deep scattering layers in the northwestern subtropical Pacific Ocean

The mesopelagic communities are important for food web and carbon pump in ocean, but the large-scale studies of them are still limited until now because of the difficulties on sampling and analyzing of mesopelagic organisms. Mesopelagic organisms, especially micronekton, can form acoustic deep scattering layers (DSLs) and DSLs are widely observed. To explore the spatial patterns of DSLs and their possible influencing factors, the DSLs during daytime (10:00–14:00) were investigated in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (13°–23.5°N, 153°–163°E) using a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler at 38 kHz. The study area was divided into three parts using k-means cluster analysis: the northern part (NP, 22°–24°N), the central part (CP, 17°–22°N), and the southern part (SP, 12°–17°N). The characteristics of DSLs varied widely with latitudinal gradient. Deepest core DSLs (523.5 m±17.4 m), largest nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) (130.8 m2/n mile2±41.0 m2/n mile2), and most concentrated DSLs (mesopelagic organisms gathering level, 6.7%±0.7%) were observed in NP. The proportion of migration was also stronger in NP (39.7%) than those in other parts (18.6% in CP and 21.5% in SP) for mesopelagic organisms. The latitudinal variation of DSLs was probably caused by changes in oxygen concentration and light intensity of mesopelagic zones. A positive relationship between NASC and primary productivity was identified. A four-months lag was seemed to exist. This study provides the first basin-scale baselines information of mesopelagic communities in the northwest Pacific with acoustic approach. Further researches are suggested to gain understandings of seasonal and annual variations of DSLs in the region.     

缢蛏糖原磷酸化酶基因多态性与糖原含量的关联分析

为探究缢蛏糖原磷酸化酶基因(Sc-GPH)与糖原含量的关系,本研究克隆获得Sc-GPH cDNA全长,检测其在不同组织、不同月份的表达模式,并在Sc-GPH基因编码区筛选与糖原含量关联的SNP位点.结果表明,Sc-GPH cDNA全长为3963 bp,开放阅读框为2541 bp,编码846个氨基酸;氨基酸序列多重比对和系统发育树显示,缢蛏与欧洲大扇贝、虾夷扇贝、长牡蛎等贝类亲缘关系较近,而与哺乳类、甲壳类、昆虫类亲缘关系较远.实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Sc-GPH在8个组织中均有表达,其中在外套膜和足中表达量最高(p<0.01),推测与其糖原存储能力有关;不同月份的缢蛏外套膜和足中,Sc-GPH在8月表达量最高,而此时糖原含量较低,说明Sc-GPH的表达可能受缢蛏生殖周期的影响.以缢蛏"甬乐1号"群体为实验材料,在Sc-GPH基因编码区筛选到4个与糖原含量相关SNP位点,其中c.930T>C位点在台州野生群体中得到进一步验证,该位点为高糖原缢蛏分子标记辅助选育提供了候选标记.     

龙口湾水动力特征及其对人工岛群建设的响应

基于龙口湾及附近海域的水文实测资料,利用Mike21数学模型模拟了人工岛建设前后的潮流、波浪、纳潮量及水交换率等水动力特征,探讨了人工岛群建设对龙口湾水动力环境的影响。结果表明,人工岛建设显著改变了龙口湾潮流场特征及水体运动路径,湾内受到人工岛的阻挡,流速普遍减小,局部区域潮流运动形式由往复流变为旋转流,流向变化较大,余流形成多个涡旋;湾外由于堤头挑流作用导致局部区域流速增大且余流流速增大,潮流运动形式未发生明显改变。受人工岛的掩蔽作用,人工岛及附近区域的波浪有效波高普遍减小。龙口湾潮位出现北部最大潮差变小、南部最大潮差增大的格局,壅水作用导致人工岛内部水道潮差变化明显。人工岛建设直接占据了龙口湾海域面积,导致其纳潮量明显减小,水交换率呈现南部和北部增大、人工岛北侧以及内部水道减小的特征,人工岛造成的水动力环境的改变是影响水交换率变化的主要原因。人工岛群建设导致龙口湾内的潮流、波浪、纳潮量以及水交换等水动力特征减弱,是引起龙口湾水动力条件变化的根本因素。     

海底地形数据组织与可视化选取技术

海洋测绘数据信息化是构建智慧海洋的基础, 而海底地形数据是海洋测绘数据中的重要内容。为更加便捷和高效地 管理与利用地形数据, 本文结合工程实际需求, 研发了海底地形数据管理平台。首先, 基于海底地形数据的特点, 提出多分 辨率海底地形组织模型, 对不规则区域的海底地形进行多分辨率模型构建, 实现了对多波束实测数据的组织管理; 在此基础 上, 提出了多尺度海底地形分级渲染优化算法与海底地形数据空间截取算法, 利用分级渲染与数据裁剪算法实现对海底地形 数据的可视化表达预览和选取服务; 最后, 以典型的多波束测深数据为例, 基于研发平台完成了数据从存储 、组织管理到可 视化预览选取的一体化管理与服务, 验证了本文算法的可靠性与实用性, 同时可为海底地形数据管理服务提供一定参考。     

海洋教育：教育思想与实践的嬗变

当今世界,国与国之间海洋实力的竞争,已经从最初对海洋资源的竞争变成海洋人才竞争,而海洋教育则是海洋人才的摇篮,逐渐成为教育体系中不容忽视的重要实践。从少数人海洋教育意识的觉醒,再到如今面向普罗大众的社会海洋教育,由海洋教育衍生的知行、创新、问题思维教育模式,成为推动教育思想与教育实践嬗变的活力因素。文章梳理海洋教育思想及教育实践发展的特点,围绕发展过程中存在的优势与不足,提出海洋教育发展的新路径,使海洋教育更好地服务建设“海洋强国”等国家战略。