2007—2013年浙江省雷电灾害特征统计分析

In order to provide scientific references for lightning protection, the spatial and temporal distribution of lightning disasters and the characteristics in different industries are analyzed based on the lightning disaster data during 2007-2013 and specifications for statistic of lightning disaster state(QX/T 1912013) in Zhejiang province, from aspects of grade, time, space, casualty, damaged industry and facility, etc. The result shows that there are 3395 lightning disasters in Zhejiang province during 2007-2013, and June to August is the peak time. Besides, lightning disasters have strong regional characteristics, which are higher in Hangzhou, Jinhua and Lishui, and the lowest in Zhoushan. The injuries and deaths caused by lightning shows decreasing tendency from 2007 to 2013, and the number is higher in the rural than in city. The dangerous regions where injuries and deaths may caused by lightning are buildings without lightning protection systems, temporary buildings and structures, open area, or under trees. Lightning disaster are most harmful to the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water, and telecommunication, while the greatest loss of economy is in the industries of manufacturing, rural residences, production and supply industries of electric power, gas and water.     

Assessment of the Summer South Asian High in Eighteen CMIP5 Models

The South Asian High(SAH) is one of the most important components of the Asian summer monsoon system. To understand the ability of state-of-the-art general circulation models(GCMs) to capture the major characteristics of the SAH, the authors evaluate 18 atmospheric models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5/Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5/AMIP). Results show that the multi-model ensemble(MME) mean is able to capture the climatological pattern of the SAH, although its intensity is slightly underestimated. For the interannual variability of the SAH, the MME exhibits good correlation with the reanalysis for the area and intensity index, but poor skill in capturing the east-west oscillation of the SAH. For the interdecadal trend, the MME shows pronounced increasing trends from 1985 to 2008 for the area and intensity indexes, which is consistent with the reanalysis, but fails to capture the westward shift of the SAH center. The individual models show different capacities for capturing climatological patterns, interannual variability, and interdecadal trends of the SAH. Several models fail to capture the climatological pattern, while one model overestimates the intensity of the SAH. Most of the models show good correlations for interannual variability, but nearly half exhibit high root-mean-square difference(RMSD) values. Six models successfully capture the westward shift of the SAH center in the interdecadal trends, while other models fail. The possible causes of the systematic biases involved in several models are also discussed.     

南极东部高原夏季大气垂直结构分析

利用中国第28次南极内陆考察队在东南极冰盖最高点Dome A获取的2012年1月南极夏季20次珍贵的GPS探空资料,对该地区的大气垂直结构和边界层特征进行了研究。结果表明:南极高原对流层中部平均垂直温度递减率为5.2℃·km-1,低于全球平均对流层中部的递减率(6.5℃·km-1),递减率(LRT)对流层顶平均高度和平均温度分别为4.6 km和-51.3℃。水汽主要集中在距地2 km以下的对流层中。边界层中存在多层逆温结构,强逆温层出现在500 m以下高度,边界层平均高度为890 m,并具有早晩低、午间高的日变化特征。     

5种光合有效辐射表性能测试

为认识和提高光合有效辐射 (波长为400~700 nm) 的测量精度,对国内外5种常用的光合有效辐射表的灵敏度、余弦响应、非线性、温度依赖性、光谱响应等性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明: 5种光合有效辐射表 (简称光合表) 的非线性误差均在1%以内; 3种光合表 (PAR LITE,LI-190和FS-PR) 的余弦误差均小于10%,温度系数均小于0.3%/℃,2种光合表 (TRT-5和HSC-FPH-1) 的余弦误差明显偏大,温度系数小于0.5%/℃。2种光合表 (PAR LITE和LI-190) 的光谱响应曲线接近于理想光谱,而其余3种光合表与理想光谱曲线偏离较大。在自然光下的一致性比对测量结果显示,5种光合表测量的辐射量与标准值的误差均在5%以内,但综合评价后认为,3种光合表 (PAR LITE,LI-190和FS-PR) 的性能明显优于其他2种光合表 (TRT-5和HSC-FPH-1)。该结果可为气象观测业务选型提供参考。     

Influence of Intermittent Turbulence on Air Pollution and Its Dispersion in Winter 2016/2017 over Beijing,China

Journal of Meteorological Research - With rapid urbanization in recent years, severe air pollution has emerged as a major issue for many regions of China, especially in some metropolises. A...     

测绘实验实践在线地图辅助教学系统开发

实验实践课程多、实践性强是测绘工程专业课程体系的突出特点.针对传统测绘实验实践教学受时空限制等问题,以实验实践项目的教师发布编辑、学生预约完成、教师检查评价与学生查看反馈等为主线,利用WebGIS技术开发具有位置服务特征的测绘实验实践辅助教学系统.该系统通过线上下学习过程的数据采集与共享、教学指导过程化与痕迹化、教学组织封闭与开放一体化,结合在线地图服务技术,有效地保障了实验实践教学秩序与教学质量.     

基于TSL模型构建的活态遗产地连续性空间生产研究——以丽江古城为例

活态遗产地演变发展是连续性空间生产过程,揭示其特征与逻辑对于活态遗产地的保护、利用与传承具有重要意义。将表达遗产地活态性的3个要素——传统、地点、生活与“空间三元辩证法”相耦合构建TSL（Tradition-Site-Living）模型,并以丽江古城为例,探讨活态遗产地持续变化的一般规律。结果发现：1）古城经历了三个阶段的空间生产,即政治功能主导下的“空间中的消费”,工商功能主导下的“空间中的生产”,旅游功能主导下的“空间的生产和消费”;2）外部环境因素变化促使古城核心使用功能演替,引发生活、地点、传统相互作用,从而实现各个阶段的空间生产过程;3）活态遗产地连续性空间生产是外部因素驱动内生机制运行的结果,遵循时空延续变化、外部环境因素驱动、内部活态要素运作三大逻辑。活态遗产地是由时间、环境、空间叠合而成的时空连续体,TSL模型为揭示活态遗产地持续变化的基本规律提供了理论框架。     

基于ANN技术的济宁二号煤矿煤巷掘进前方小构造预测

济宁二号煤矿小构造发育,给煤矿生产及安全带来很大影响。针对煤巷掘进前方小构造预测难问题,根据地质理论和已掌握的地质构造规律,归纳出煤层的倾角、厚度、裂隙类型、瓦斯聚集量、涌水量、温度和破碎程度是影响小构造存在的主控因素,通过实测构造面和煤岩层中各影响因素在煤层正常区、影响区和破坏区的变化,初步建立了基于BP人工神经网络的小构造预测的非线性网络模型,并运用Matlab软件对模型进行训练和优化,得到了优化后的预测模型。并应用模型对十一采区的113下01、113下02和113下06工作面的小构造进行预测,结果表明该网络模型的预测结论与实测结果相符。     

The Diagenesis of Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are often constrained by diagenesis as a sound environmental archive. The correct understanding and evaluation of diagenesis is the key to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of coral reefs. The diagenesis of coral reefs mainly includes cementation, dissolution, neomorphism and dolomitization etc. On the one hand, the diagenesis itself can record the paleoenvironment that coral reefs underwent, such as sea-level fluctuation, climate change, change of sea water, hydrothermal alteration, microbial activity and so on. The diagenetic evolution thus can be used for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment change. On the other hand, diagenesis also destroys the original environmental information which recorded of coral reefs recard, and it is necessary to know the degree of the impact of diagenesis. In the future, we should pay more attention to the study on the relationships among diagenesis, modern climate, sea-level change, atmospheric water transformation and microbial activity. It can provide more accurate and longer time series of paleoenvironmental information that coral reefs recorded.