Experimental investigation on effect of curing stress on the strength of cement-stabilized clay at high water content

The application of cement-stabilized marine clay at high water content (HW-CSC) as land reclamation fill has been receiving increasing attention and popularity. In current coastal development, HW-CSC land reclamation projects begin to advance toward deeper water areas, leading to greater filling heights and thus higher curing stresses acting on the lower portions of HW-CSC. In principle the higher curing stress will improve the strength gain of HW-CSC, but this curing stress effect is not taken into account in current design practice. This study aims to bridge the gap. Fifteen different mixes of HW-CSC are first prepared and cured in consolidation tubes for seven days under various curing stresses. Their strengths and some other post-curing parameters are then tested and analyzed to demonstrate the quantitative effect of curing stress on the strength gain of HW-CSC. Results indicate that the strength gain of HW-CSC is significantly influenced by the curing stress; however, the effect of curing stress cannot be simply replaced by reducing the remolding water content during mixing stage and letting the specimens be cured under atmospheric stress condition. Therefore, it is concluded that the effect of curing stress includes two different components—a consolidation effect and another effect termed the “self-stress” effect in this study. Finally, an empirical relationship accounting for the combined effects of mixing proportion and curing stress is developed for characterization of the strengths of HW-CSCs with different mixing proportions and various curing stresses. The proposed relationship is validated by three independent data groups collected from the literature. This empirical relationship can be helpful in optimization of mixing proportions of HW-CSC used for land reclamation purpose.     

Particle size distributions and organic-inorganic compositions of suspended particulate matters around the Bohai Strait

Laser in situ scattering and transmissometry(LISST) significantly improves our ability to assess particle size distribu-tion(PSD) in seawater, while wide-ranging measurements of the organic-inorganic compositions of suspended particulate matters(SPM) are still difficult by using traditional methods such as microscopy. In this study, PSD properties and SPM compositions around the Bohai Strait(China) were investigated based on the measurements by LISST in combination with hydro-biological parameters collected from a field survey in summer 2014. Four typical PSD shapes were found in the region, namely right-peak, left-peak, dou-ble-peak and negative-skew shapes. The double-peak and negative-skew shapes may interconvert into each other along with strong hydrodynamic variation. In the upper layer of the Bohai Sea, organic particles were in the majority, with inorganic particles rarely observed. In the bottom layer, SPM were the mixture of organic and inorganic matters. LISST provided valuable baseline information on size-resolved organic-inorganic compositions of SPM: the size of organic particles mainly ranged from 4 to 20 μm and 40 to 100 μm, while most SPM ranging from 20 to 40 μm were composed of inorganic sediment.     

山东飞机人工增雨作业决策系统

在由11个子系统组成的飞机人工增雨作业决策系统中，利用在人工增雨作业前能得到的探空、雷达和云的宏观物理量等资料，确定可播区的空间分布和播云时间。运用产生降水的指标性物理量分布、卫星云图降水概率分布和模式的降水预报等综合确定作业区的地理位置。决策系统还包括航线设计和效益估算。该系统使得飞机人工增雨作业的指挥决策系统化，可减少盲目作业带来的损失。     

涡度相关仪倾斜订正方法的比较及应用

利用973暴雨项目2002年在安徽肥西观测的涡度相关资料,针对目前涡度相关法中存在的仪器倾斜误差问题,采用两种倾斜订正方法计算湍流参数并进行对比分析.结果表明,三次坐标轴旋转倾斜订正方法和平面拟合方法均可以对仪器倾斜引起的误差进行坐标旋转订正,有效剔除仪器倾斜引起的侧向应力的影响,以及仪彝倾斜时水平方向风速引起的虚假湍流通量,提高了湍流通量的计算精度.两种倾斜订正方法各有一定适用条倬,平面拟合方法优于三次坐标轴旋转倾斜订正方法.     

Development of cloud detection methods using CFH,GTS1, and RS80 radiosondes

The accuracies of three instruments in measuring atmospheric column humidity were assessed during an upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observation campaign conducted from 7 to 13 August 2009 in ...     

西昆仑康西瓦北侧早古生代角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩的地质特征及其锆石SHRIMP U-pb测试

西昆仑康西瓦北侧蒙古包-普守一带的早古生代俯冲-碰撞型角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩和黑云二长花岗岩,是开展125万康西瓦幅等4幅区域地质调查项目时发现的.重点对蒙古包早古生代俯冲型角闪闪长岩、英云闪长岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学特征及锆石同位素年代学进行了综合研究,获得了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄440.5Ma±4.6Ma,其形成时代为晚奥陶世.该成果为进一步深入研究西昆仑造山带的地质构造演化提供了新的实际资料.     

北京大气边界层中风和温度廓线的观测研究

为了研究冬季北京城区大气边界层结构的特征,分别在城区和郊区4个观测点利用系留气艇在2001年1月5～13日和2月21～28日进行了大气廓线探测,并分析了温度和风廓线垂直变化的基本特征.初步结果显示城市热岛效应十分明显,热岛强度随高度增加而递减,近地层热岛强度在晴天最大可达到4℃左右.除了近地层郊区的风速大于城区外,城区和郊区风速的垂直分布特征有较大差异.在100～200m高度以下,城区和郊区风速和风向随高度分布都出现了明显的拐点,300 m以上高度风向和风速基本趋于一致,表明城区和郊区的风廓线均受到城市覆盖层的影响.随着北京市区的规模不断扩大,在今后探测中应考虑郊区测点的代表性.     

南极东部高原夏季大气垂直结构分析

利用中国第28次南极内陆考察队在东南极冰盖最高点Dome A获取的2012年1月南极夏季20次珍贵的GPS探空资料,对该地区的大气垂直结构和边界层特征进行了研究。结果表明:南极高原对流层中部平均垂直温度递减率为5.2℃·km-1,低于全球平均对流层中部的递减率(6.5℃·km-1),递减率(LRT)对流层顶平均高度和平均温度分别为4.6 km和-51.3℃。水汽主要集中在距地2 km以下的对流层中。边界层中存在多层逆温结构,强逆温层出现在500 m以下高度,边界层平均高度为890 m,并具有早晩低、午间高的日变化特征。     

江苏沿海气象灾害预报及产业警示技术

为了更好地开展海洋气象预报服务,江苏省海洋气象台和3个市级海洋气象台就江苏沿海气象灾害预报技术和产业警示技术进行了相关合作,通过对沿海不同海域大风、大雾、海浪等灾害性天气预测、预警方法的共同研究,构建了不同海域的海洋气象预报业务流程,同时还针对该地区产业气象发展的需求,开发了航海、盐业、港口工程、围滩涂海、海水淡水养殖、海滨旅游等产业气象警示预测创新项目。文章介绍了江苏沿海气象灾害预报和产业警示的主要技术方法。     

地表反照率与高原夏季风爆发关系分析

利用2000～2016年MODIS地表反照率和ECMWF/ERA-Interim再分析资料,选取有代表性的高原季风指数DPMI,统计分析了青藏高原地表反照率与高原季风之间的联系,结果表明:1)11月高原地表反照率大小与次年高原夏季风爆发存在密切关系:11月高原地表反照率偏低(高),次年4月高原夏季风爆发偏早(晚),强度偏强(弱)。2)可能的影响机制为:当前期11月高原地表反照率偏低时,后期高原主体对大气的感热加热信号更强,从而引起4月高原上空近地面层上升运动明显加强,这有利于热量向高空传输,导致对流层加热作用加强,高原上空对流层温度偏高,使得高原季风环流系统加强,最终导致高原季风季节变化相应提前;反之亦然。