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661.
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从四川盆地南北缘近古陆的下志留统中所获干酪根显示,主要以Ⅲ型为主,其中含有管胞、木质素、纤维素等维管植物成分,而在盆地内的远离古陆地区干酪根则表现出以Ⅰ型为主。据此不仅说明在早志留世早期本区古陆上已出现有维管植物,而且进一步证实环境因素对植物演化具有重要影响 相似文献
663.
介绍一个可用于多路信号自动测量系统或自动切换系统的高隔离射频多路转换开关的设计与制作。开关制式为双刀16掷;控制采取本地(利用本机面板控制)和遥控(IEEE—488标准接口)两种方式工作频率范围为DC~100MHz;路与路之间的串扰,隔离度优于120dB(5MHz)[1]。 相似文献
664.
IntroductionWhetherearthquakescanbepredictedornotisstilaproblemincontroversyintheseismologicalcircle.Atanyrate,however,peopl... 相似文献
665.
Four large and superlarge copper-multimetal ore deposits hosted in the Mid-Proterozoic Zhartaishan Group along northwestern margin of North China Plate are stratabound hydrothermal sedimentary deposits, and these deposits formed in mid-late stage of the Mid-Proterozoic Langshan-Zhartaishan rifting system. Four necessary conditions are proposed for the formation of these large and superlarge ore deposits: (i) favorable geological background and tectonic environment; (ii) abundant sources of metallogenic material; (iii) favorable sedimentary lithofacies and paleogeographic conditions; (iv) sudden change events during metallogenic processes. 相似文献
666.
A map showing the three-dimensional velocity anomaly on the southwestern edge of Yangtze craton is first compiled. Based on the map, it is suggested that there is a low-velocity plume on the edge of Yangtze craton. The low-velocity plume is the effect of mantle plume, plays an important role in controlling the upwelling of asthenosphere, mantle rise and the formation of intracrustal low-velocity lens, and is also the carrier and provider of vast amount of fluids, mineralizers, minerogenetic materials and energy. Therefore, it is concluded that the low-velocity plume is closely related to Mesozoic and Cenozoic superlarge ore deposits in time and space and genesis. 相似文献
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Mid-Century Ensemble Regional Climate Change Scenarios for the Western United States 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
L. Ruby Leung Yun Qian Xindi Bian Warren M. Washington Jongil Han John O. Roads 《Climatic change》2004,62(1-3):75-113
To study the impacts of climate change on water resources in the western U.S., global climate simulations were produced using the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Department of Energy (NCAR/DOE) Parallel Climate Model (PCM). The Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to downscale the PCM control (20 years) and three future(2040–2060) climate simulations to yield ensemble regional climate simulations at 40 km spatial resolution for the western U.S. This paper describes the regional simulations and focuses on the hydroclimate conditions in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and Sacramento-San Joaquin River (SSJ) Basin. Results based on global and regional simulations show that by mid-century, the average regional warming of 1 to 2.5 °C strongly affects snowpack in the western U.S. Along coastal mountains, reduction in annual snowpack was about70% as indicated by the regional simulations. Besides changes in mean temperature, precipitation, and snowpack, cold season extreme daily precipitation increased by 5 to 15 mm/day (15–20%) along theCascades and the Sierra. The warming resulted in increased rainfall at the expense of reduced snowfall, and reduced snow accumulation (or earlier snowmelt) during the cold season. In the CRB, these changes were accompanied by more frequent rain-on-snow events. Overall, they induced higher likelihood of wintertime flooding and reduced runoff and soil moisture in the summer. Changes in surface water and energy budgets in the CRB and SSJ basin were affected mainly by changes in surface temperature, which were statistically significant at the 0.95 confidence level. Changes in precipitation, while spatially incoherent, were not statistically significant except for the drying trend during summer. Because snow and runoff are highly sensitive tospatial distributions of temperature and precipitation, this study shows that (1) downscaling provides more realistic estimates of hydrologic impacts in mountainous regions such as the western U.S., and (2) despite relatively small changes in temperature and precipitation, changes in snowpack and runoff can be much larger on monthly to seasonal time scales because the effects of temperature and precipitation are integrated over time and space through various surface hydrological and land-atmosphere feedback processes. Although the results reported in this study were derived from an ensemble of regional climate simulations driven by a global climate model that displays low climate sensitivity compared with most other models, climate change was found to significantly affect water resources in the western U.S. by the mid twenty-first century. 相似文献
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Modeling photochemistry in the stratosphere requires solution of the equationof radiative transfer over an extreme range of wavelengths and atmosphericconditions, from transmission through the Schumann–Runge bands ofO2 in the mesosphere, to multiple scattering from troposphericclouds and aerosols. The complexity and range of conditions makes photolysiscalculations in 3-D chemical transport models computationally expensive. Thisstudy pesents a fast and accurate numerical method, Fast-J2, for calculatingphotolysis rates (J-values) and the deposition of solar flux in stratosphere.Fast-J2 develops an optimized, super-wide 11-bin quadrature for wavelengthsfrom 177 to 291 nm that concatenates with the 7-bin quadrature (291–850nm) already developed for the troposphere as Fast-J. Below 291 nm the effectsof Rayleigh scattering are implemented as a pseudo-absorption, and above 291nm the full multiple-scattering code of Fast-J is used. Fast-J2 calculates themean ultraviolet-visible radiation field for these 18 wavelength binsthroughout the stratosphere, and thus new species and new cross sections canbe readily implemented. In comparison with a standard, high-resolution,multiple-scattering photolysis model, worst-case errors in Fast-J2 do notexceed 5% over a wide range of solar zenith angles, altitudes(0–60 km), latitudes, and seasons where the rates are important inphotochemistry. 相似文献