0679香山局地大暴雨的中小尺度天气分析

利用Doppler雷达、地面自动站、Profile垂直风廓线及GPS水汽分布等多种新型探测资料, 对2006年7月9日夜间发生在北京西郊香山附近的局地大暴雨天气的影响系统和γ-中尺度强降雨落区形成的动力机理进行了精细分析。对雷达等本地多种探测资料的精细研究表明:地形辐合回波带是造成这次过程的主要影响系统。地形辐合回波带上中气旋回波块的滚动更迭是大暴雨落区形成的直接原因; 近地面辐合对大暴雨落区强降雨的发生具有重要作用。大暴雨落区形成阶段近地面3种辐合同时存在:平原东南风与山区偏北风风向切变辐合、平原东南风在山脉阻挡作用下的抬升辐合、大暴雨落区中心的γ-中尺度气旋性辐合。研究还表明:山前近地面地形辐合扰动, 向上传播, 引发边界层扰动的动力过程是香山大暴雨落区形成的主要动力源, 而来自东南方向近地面层的暖湿平流为大暴雨提供了有效的水汽和能量。     

利用Lg波Q值反双台层析成像方法研究青藏高原南部地区的地壳衰减

首次基于2017—2019年西藏自治区区域台网27个宽频带固定台站记录的757次地震的波形资料,利用反双台法开展了青藏高原南部地区1 Hz的Lg波Q值层析成像研究.研究中采用3.5—2.4 km/s的速度窗截取了1981条Lg波,计算得到13543条路径上的Q值,测试了1°×1°和0.5°×0.5°网格下的棋盘格恢复情...     

拉斯曼丘陵的短期气候特征

利用中山站１９８９年以来的气象资料,对拉斯曼丘陵的短期气候特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,拉斯曼丘陵的气候特点与东南极沿岸其它绿洲区相似,共同受大尺度气候过程的影响,同时还具有许多局地气候特征。     

青藏高原积雪日数的气温敏感度分析

根据青藏高原气象台站观测积雪日数和均一化气温数据,对高原1951—2004年积雪日数对气温的敏感度进行了量化分析。研究表明,无论是极值敏感度还是当前气候下的敏感度,空间上都呈现出高原四周积雪较中部对气温的敏感程度高的情况。各台站积雪日数对气温最敏感时的临界气温与海拔有着极好的反相关关系,而极值敏感度与海拔虽然也有一定的反相关,但相关程度远不如前者高。在当前气候状态下,有相当一部分台站的平均气温还未达到临界值,这些台站在秋、冬、春、夏季分别占总台站数的36%、39%、47%和11%。未来气候继续变暖背景下,这部分台站积雪日数对气温的敏感度会进一步加大,即积雪对气温的升高会更加敏感。     

Changes in the spatial scale of Beijing UHI and urban development

The seasonal and interannual variations of Beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the Beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and Beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, Beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of Beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of Beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level.     

利用湖州台形变观测资料检测地震激发的地球球形自由振荡

By using the digital observations of the pendulum tiltmeter, water tube tiltmeter,extensometer and volumetric strainmeter at Huzhou station and with the power spectrum density estimation method,we acquired the_0S_5-_0S_50 fundamental sphere free oscillations caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11,2011,then compared it with the PREM model. The relative errors are mostly bigger than 1.2‰. The extensometer and volume strainmeter can clearly detect _0S_2,_0S_3and_0S_4,which are closely related to the deep structure and earth's interior.     

类星体样本光变研究进展

光变是活动星系统的共同特征,光变规律的研究已成为人类探索活动星系核物理的有力手段,综述了类星体样本光变的研究现状,对样本的光变比例,光变类星体的平均光变幅,光变时间尺度,光变幅与类星体物理参量的相关情况,类星体样本光变和其它活动星系核样本的关系进行了详细评述,并评述了样本光变的星暴模型,微透镜模型,吸积盘模型三种理论模型。     

Preface

The International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS) requests each of its membet countries to submit, every four years, a progress report on relevant operational and research fields, and to exchange the report with other members during the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)     

A Research on the Algorithm of Local Atomic Time

The goal of all time laboratories’ pursue is to produce and keep a stable, precise and reliable time scale. The long-term stability of the time scale is mainly taken into account in the traditional ALGOS algorithm, while the local atomic time scale should give consideration to both the long-term and shortterm stabilities. From the analysis and research on the atomic clock noise model and under the condition that the long-term stability of the local atomic time scale does not drop, a complete algorithm is proposed which is suitable for the calculation of the local time scale TA (NTSC) carried out at the time laboratory with the time-keeping clocks of a unitary type and being close in performance at the National Time Service Center, called the NTSC for short, of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The data of all the clocks in the NTSC which participated in the calculation of the International Atomic Time (TAI) all the year round in 2008 are applied to the test and verification of the new algorithm, with the result showing that both the short- and long-term stability indexes of the obtained TA (NTSC) are improved. The research result is suitable for the calculation of the atomic time scale of the time laboratory whose time keeping system is similar to that of the NTSC.     

基于DPSIR模型的河西走廊农田防护林健康评价

农田防护林健康对维护绿洲生态安全、减少风沙灾害、改善局地小气候、提高农作物产量等具有重要的意义。综合运用熵值法和层次分析法确定指标权重,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）模型对河西走廊农田防护林健康状况进行了评价。结果表明：（1）河西走廊农田防护林整体上处于亚健康水平,瓜州县、酒泉市肃州区、嘉峪关市和临泽县的农田防护林处于健康水平,民勤、民乐、高台和阿克塞的农田防护林处于不健康水平,其余区县农田防护林处于亚健康状态。（2）林带连续性、疏透度、修枝情况和地区经济收入是驱动区域农田防护林健康状况的关键因素。