The seasonal variation of particulate matter and its relationship with meteorological parameters were measured at five different residential sites in Delhi. Sampling was carried out for one year including all three seasons (summer, monsoon, and winter). The yearly average concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) was 135.16 ± 41.34 µg/m3. The highest average values were observed in winter (208.44 ± 43.67 µg/m3) and the lowest during monsoon season (80.29 ± 39.47 µg/m3). The annual average concentration of PM2.5 was found to be the highest at the Mukherjee Nagar site (242.16 µg/m3 ) during the winter and lowest at (Jawaharlal Nehru University) JNU (35.65 µg/m3) during the monsoon season. The strongest correlation between PM mass and a meteorological parameter was a strong negative correlation with temperature (R2=0.55). All other parameters were weakly correlated (R2<0.2) with PM mass.
This paper presents aeromagnetic images for the Chhattisgarh basin region, in Central India, to provide a new window on Precambrian
basement geology and structure. On the basis of aeromagnetic patterns, the Chhattisgarh basin is sub-divided into a northern
low (negative) anomaly zone and a southern high (positive) anomaly zone. The northern portion of the main Chhattisgarh basin
has been further divided into two subbasins, the Hirri sub-basin in the west, and Baradwar sub-basin in the east. A prominent
negative anomaly delineates a NW-SE trending greenstone belt separating these sub-basins. Positive magnetic anomalies delineate
the extent of the Dongargarh granite and equivalents, while the weak magnetic anomaly in the southeast of the Dongargarh granite
and equivalents reflect granulite gneisses of the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt. By applying the reduced-to-the-equator filter
we enhanced the possible magnetic sources and structural lineaments within the Chhattisgarh basin.
A new sketch map of structural elements was then compiled from aeromagnetic interpretation over the Chhattisgarh basin area.
It includes possible faults, folds and an inferred lithological boundary. 相似文献
The present paper gives an insight into the distribution and use pattern of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State. A total of 222 medicinal and aromatic shrub species have been appended based on secondary information. Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Verbenaceae, and Fabaceae have the highest repre- sentatives of medicinal shrubs. Twenty one families had one species each in medicinal use. Verbenaceae and Euphorbiaceae in the sub-tropical region, Rosaceae in the temperate region, and Ericaceae and Rosaceae in the sub-alpine and alpine regions, respectively, had the highest representatives of medicinal shrubs. The distribution of medicinal shrubs was 42 % in sub-tropical, 29 % in warm temperate, 13 % in cool temperate, 9 % in sub-alpine and 7 % in the alpine region. Of the total species, 70 medicinal shrubs were native to the Himalayas and 22 native to Himalayan region including other Hima- layan countries. The most frequently used plant parts for various ailments were leaves (31 %) and roots (23 %). Most shrubs are being used for the diseases, viz. skin diseases, dysentery, cough, fever, wounds, and rheumatism. The present paper will help in the execution of strategies for promotion and cultivation of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State. 相似文献
Himalayan fold belt has full of geological surprises, ‘mélange’ is one of them which create difficulties during tunneling. Such mélange completely went unnoticed during surface mapping and geotechnical investigation preceding the construction of the Udhampur railway tunnel (URT). During the construction, the mélange zone has encountered across the tunnel, which occurs along the Tanhal thrust (equivalent to MBT) that separates the Murree Group and the Shiwalik Group. The mélange was characterized by a chaotic, heterogeneous geological mixture of stronger blocks (scale independence) and weaker sheared fine-grained matrix, often termed as “block-in-matrix rocks” or bimrocks, which enforced mixed face tunneling. The heterogeneity in a tectonic mélange led to stress concentrations in the rock blocks, and there were relatively high deformations within the matrix also. Release of stress from the blocks due to excavation, with unfavorable joint and thrust orientations enforced brittle failure of the blocks (face and crown collapses) while matrix deformation (time dependent) caused convergence of primary support later. Additionally, the clay minerals with high swelling potential within the matrix swelled and created pressure on the primary support. Due to the geomechanical heterogeneity in mélange, homogenizing the rock-mass by the commonly used quantitative systems might have lead to an inappropriate design and construction. The adopted New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) proved to be an useful tool for tunneling. 相似文献
In practice, numerical simulations of soil nail walls are often carried out to assess the performance and stability. In the
present study, implications of the use of advanced soil models, such as hardening soil model and hardening soil with small-strain
stiffness model to simulate the behavior of in situ soil on the overall response of simulated soil nail wall have been studied,
and compared with respect to the analysis using conventional and most prevalently used Mohr-Coulomb soil model. Further, influence
of the consideration of bending stiffness of soil nails on the simulation results has been examined. Results of the simulations
indicated that the use of advanced models is desirable for cases of soil nail walls constructed in soft soils and when lateral
wall displacements are critical to the adjoining structures. Incorporation of bending stiffness of nails is found important
from the consideration of facing failure modes of soil nail walls. 相似文献
Rock samples belonging to ten lithological types under different stages of weathering, were collected from different stratigraphical
horizons at Bhagalpur. Their densities and porosities were determined experimentally and the data obtained were fitted empirically
in a linear equation for each lithological type. The slopes of the curves, which were negative in each case, showed that the
increase in porosity for the same decrease in density were in the order, white sandstone > ferruginous sandstone > white claystone
> porphyritic gneiss > quartzite > pegmatite > amphibolite ≅ biotite gnejss > basalt ≅ dolerite. A new weathering potential
index based on the density-porosity data was proposed and the values for a specific stage of weathering for all the lithological
types studied fall within the same range. 相似文献
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve(NDBR) was declared as the first Himalayan Biosphere Reserve owing to its unique biological and cultural wealth. Its core zones, Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park, are a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. In spite of lying at a high altitude, interplay of factors such as unique geographical location, climate, topography and wide altitudinal variations have endowed NDBR with a rich and diverse flora. Proportionately high percentage of endemic and near endemic plants makes NDBR a very important protected area from conservation point of view. However, its floristic wealth is facing unprecedented threats in the form of climate change and growing anthropogenic pressure. Hence, a need was felt to assess the directionality, quality and sufficiency of past and ongoing research for the conservation of floral and ethnobotanical wealth of NDBR in the absence of any such previous attempt. Based on an extensive review of more than 150 plant studies on NDBR, this communication provides a detailed account of the current state of knowledge and information gaps on flora, vegetation ecology, rare, endangered, threatened(RET) and endemic plants and ethnobotany. Priority research areas and management measures are discussed for the conservation of its unique floral wealth. Incomplete floral inventorization, lack of biodiversity monitoring, meagre studies on lower plant groups, population status of medicinal plants, habitat assessment of threatened taxa and geo-spatial analysis of alpine vegetation were identified as areas of immediate concern. 相似文献
The three rings A, B and C of Saturn and the two gaps French and Cassini divisions in between them have been subjected to a study of deterministic chaos and we have shown the existence of spatially distributed strange attractors, implying thereby that the system is open, dissipative, nonequilibrium and non-Markovian in character. 相似文献
In the present study, ground water prospect zones in Dala-Renukoot area, in Sonebhadra district. Uttar Pradesh, India have been delineated, through integration of various thematic maps using ARC/INFO GIS. Thematic maps in respect of geology, geomorphology. slope, drainage, land-use/land cover, lineament and lineament intersection frequency were prepared on 1:50,000 scale using remote sensing and conventional methods. These maps were scanned and registered with reference to a basemap and are input as separate layers using ARC/INFO GIS. Each theme was assigned a weightage depending on its influence on the movement and storage of groundwater and each unit in every theme map is assigned a knowledge based ranking from 1 to 5 depending on its significance to groundwater occurrence. All the themes are overlaid, two at a time and the resultant composite coverage is classified into five groundwater prospect categories. This output map is correlated with the groundwater data collected in the field. 相似文献
In the present study, an investigation has been made to study the spatial and temporal variability in the maximum, the minimum and the mean air temperatures at Madhya Pradesh (MP), in central India on monthly, annual and seasonal time scale from 1901 to 2002. Further, impact of urbanization and cloud cover on air temperature has been studied. The annual mean, maximum and minimum temperatures are increased by 0.60, 0.60 and 0.62 °C over the past 102 years, respectively. Seasonally, the warming is more pronounced during winter than summer. The temperature decreased during the less urbanized period (from 1901 to 1951) and increased during the more urbanized period (1961 to 2001). It is also found that the minimum temperature increased at higher rate (0.42 °C) followed by the mean (0.36 °C) and the maximum (0.32 °C) temperature during the more urbanized period. Furthermore, cloud cover is significantly negatively related with air temperature in monsoon season and as a whole of the year. 相似文献