粤北桃村坝花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成因研究

桃村坝花岗岩体位于粤北贵东复式花岗岩体中部。锆石U-Pb年龄为161.5±1.8 Ma (MSWD=1.7),属于燕山早期岩浆 活动产物。该岩体具有稍低的硅、富铝、富碱、钾大于钠、贫钙镁和高FeO*/MgO等特征。富集Rb,Th,U而亏损Ba, Sr,Ti和Nb;LREE富集(LREE/HREE=7.39~16.4, (La/Yb)N=8.79~25.5),Eu亏损较为明显(δEu=0.44~0.59);Ga/Al比值较高(平 均值为2.99),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为518×10-6)大于350×10-6,可归属于A2型花岗岩;εNd(t)值低,为-9.7~-8.95,Nd模式 年龄为1.66~1.76 Ga;锆石的εHf(t)值为-20.0~-14.6,相应的Hf模式年龄为2.12~2.46 Ga。综合以上特征表明桃村坝花岗岩是 在地壳伸展-减薄的构造背景下、由古元古代地壳组分部分熔融的方式形成。     

川西南美姑地区下三叠统飞仙关组地球化学特征及其对物源和构造环境的指示意义

针对川西南美姑地区飞仙关组碎屑岩进行岩石学和地球化学方面的研究,以探究其物质来源以及构造背景。川西南美姑地区飞仙关组为一套碎屑岩,三角洲相沉积。碎屑岩主量元素中w(TFe2O3)为3.46%~11.23%,w(MgO)为2%~7.98%,w(TiO2)为1.51%~2.62%。微量元素中亲铁镁矿物元素w(Cr)为66×10^-6~426×10^-6,w(Co)为18.8×10^-6~30.6×10^-6,w(Sc)为16.9×10^-6~23.7×10^-6。REE分布模式和Al2O3/TiO2比值与峨眉山高钛玄武岩较为相似,指示着飞仙关组的物质来源于晚二叠世的峨眉山高钛玄武岩。样品的成分异变指数(ICV)值为0.95~3.49,普遍大于1,暗示着飞仙关组的物质来源大部分未经历过风化-沉积成岩的过程,为第一次循环碎屑。飞仙关组碎屑岩CIA值为60.49~72.44,反映了飞仙关组时期该地区经历了温暖、湿润环境下中等程度的化学风化作用。同时碎屑岩中的TFe2O3+MgO,TiO2,Al2O3/SiO2地球化学指标最接近大洋岛弧特征值,Th-Co-Zr/10,La-Th-Sc,Th-Sc-Zr/10图解亦指示着飞仙关组的源岩形成于大陆岛弧-大洋岛弧的构造环境中。结合飞仙关组的岩石学和地球化学特征,初步认为晚二叠世时期在大洋岛弧的构造背景下峨眉山玄武岩喷发溢流而出,而后隆升,为飞仙关组的沉积提供了充足的物质来源。同时,随着飞仙关组的不断沉积,亦逐渐有其他物源混入。     

博茨瓦纳马卡迪卡迪盐湖卤水特征及找钾前景分析

马卡迪卡迪盐湖区为一现代干盐湖,盐湖以湖相碎屑沉积为主,在东侧的苏阿干盐湖赋存有高矿化孔隙卤水,通过对盐湖卤水系统的采样分析及综合研究,卤水主要化学组分为Na+和Cl-,其次为CO3^-2、HCO3^-,SO4^-2、K^+,矿化度平均为257.96g/L,卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型;卤水组分与矿化度呈明显的正相关,表明卤水还未达到饱和阶段;受湖区构造及补给来源的影响,卤水的富集区位于研究区的西北部,同时也是矿化度最高的地区;KCl的含量在0.39%~0.99%之间,平均在0.65%,已超过液体钾盐矿的最低工业品位,分布面积约690km2,具有一定找矿前景。     

1971—2006年珠穆朗玛峰地区蒸发皿蒸发量的变化及其影响因素

升温率略高于平均最高气温的升温率.珠峰地区日照时数和平均风速的显著下降,以及相对湿度的明显增加可能是蒸发皿蒸发量下降的主要原因.     

Chemical composition and evolution of tourmaline-supergroup minerals from the Sb hydrothermal veins in Rožňava area,Western Carpathians,Slovakia

Mineralogy and Petrology - Tourmaline-supergroup minerals are common gangue minerals in Sb-hydrothermal veins on Betliar – Straková, Čučma – Gabriela and...     

2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space

This paper presents 2.5D scattering of incident plane SH waves by a canyon in layered half-space by the indirect boundary element method (IBEM). The free field response is carried out to give the displacements and stresses on the line which forms boundary of the canyon. The fictitious uniform moving loads are applied to the same line to calculate the Green’s functions for the displacements and stresses. The amplitudes of the loads are determined by the boundary conditions. The displacements due to the free ...     

Validation of joint inversion of direct current and electromagnetic measurements

One of the ways to improve the information content of a set of field data is that of combining the interpretation of disparate data sets. Electromagnetic and direct current resistivity methods suffer from inherent equivalence problem. Application of joint inversion for these measurements can overcome the problem of equivalence very well. In the present work, synthetic data from vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal coplanar low-frequency induction sounding (EMHD) are inverted individually and jointly over different types of 1D earth structures. Global optimization with Monte Carlo Multistart algorithm was used in the calculations. The results obtained from the inversions of synthetic data indicate that the joint inversion significantly improves the solution reducing the ambiguity of the models.     

Unusual Mantle Mineral Group from Chromitite Orebody Cr-11 in Luobusa Ophiolite of Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

A wide variety of unusual mantle has been reported from podiform chromitite orebodies Cr-31 and Cr-74 in the Luobusa (罗布莎) ophiolite, Tibet. A detailed investigation of chromitite ore-body Cr-11, located in the Kangjinla (康金拉) district at the eastern end of the ophiolite, has revealed many of the same minerals, including diamond, moissanite, and some native elements, alloys, oxides, sulphides, silicates, carbonates, and tungstates. This orebody is particularly rich in diamonds, with over 1 000 grains recovered from about 1 100 kg sample of chromitite. More detailed studies and experi-ments are needed to understand the origin and significance of these unusual minerals because they have not been found in situ. It is a great breakthrough in mineralogical research that we have picked up more than 40 kinds of minerals from the Kangjinla chromite deposit in Luobusa. It is notable that a large amount of diamonds were firstly discovered from the Kangjinla chromite deposit as well as many other unusual minerals, such as moissanites, rutiles, native irons, and metal alloys. Especially, that diamond was found again in different chromitites In the same ophiolite belt provided new key evidence for discussing the origin of the diamond and the hosted ehromitite and ophiolite. The mantle mineral group in Tibet has great significance in mineralogy and geodynamics.     

Robust representation of dry cells in single-layer MODFLOW models

Dewatered or "dry" grid cells in the USGS ground water modeling software MODFLOW may cause nonphysical artifacts, trigger convergence failures, or interfere with parameter estimation. These difficulties can be avoided in two dimensions by modifying the spatial differencing scheme and the iterative procedure used to resolve nonlinearities. Specifically, the spatial differencing scheme is modified to use the water level on the upstream side of a pair of adjacent cells to calculate the saturated thickness and hence intercell conductance for the pair. This makes it possible to explicitly constrain the water level in a cell to be at or above the cell bottom elevation without introducing nonphysical artifacts. Thus constrained, all initially active cells will remain active throughout the simulation. It was necessary to replace MODFLOW's Picard iteration method with the Newton-Raphson method to achieve convergence in demanding applications involving many dry cells. Tests using a MODFLOW variant based on the new method produced results nearly identical to conventional MODFLOW in situations where conventional MODFLOW converges. The new method is extremely robust and converged in scenarios where conventional MODFLOW failed to converge, such as when almost all cells dewatered. An example application to the Edwards Aquifer in south-central Texas further demonstrates the utility of the new method.