Spatial disparity and efficiency of science and technology resources in China

In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China.     

基于全球大气环流三型分解的西太平洋副热带高压指数的新定义

西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）活动规律及其变异的动力学机理问题一直是我国气象学家的重要课题。本文针对现有研究和预测中常用的高度场指数不能全面、准确刻画全球变暖背景下的副高演变特征的缺陷,利用全球大气环流三型分解模型中的流函数能够等价描述副高三维空间几何图像的优势,以500 hPa水平型环流流函数的零等值线为客观标准,给出了副高面积、强度、脊线及西伸脊点指数的新定义,并以2018年夏季副高的短期结构演变特征及其与我国东部地区降水之间的关系研究为例,验证了本文新定义副高指数的客观性与合理性。本文利用全球大气环流三型分解模型中的水平型环流流函数新定义的副高指数,不仅从形态上准确刻画了副高的大尺度涡旋环流特征,而且全球大气环流三型分解的动力学、热力学方程组为进一步利用新指数开展副高异常演变的机理研究提供新的理论工具。     

First Mapping Observations of Two Possible Cloud Collision Candidates IRAS 02459＋6029 and 05363＋3127

The first mapping observations of the cold infrared sources IRAS 02459 6029 and 05363 3127 in the molecular lines 12CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0) and C18o(1-0) were made using the 13.7 m millimeter wave telescope in Qinghai. Both the integrated intensity maps and position-velocity diagrams show that each has two components adjacent in both space and velocity which means possible cloud-cloud collisions in the two regions. The near-infrared color-color diagram from the 2MASS database reveals that the density of YSOs in the colliding site is much higher than in the surrounding regions. The results appear to indicate that star forming activities have taken place in the two regions due to the cloud-cloud collision. We conclude that both sources are cloud collision candidates.     

基于DEM的任意方向坡度计算方法

坡度是数字地形分析中重要的地形因子,在水文分析、土壤侵蚀模拟、地貌类型划分等地学分析及工程上均有广泛的应用。由于地形的各向异性,坡度在各个方向上并不相同。目前,基于DEM所提取的坡度,均是位于最陡方向上的坡度,而任意给定方向坡度计算是地学分析和工程应用中较为常见的问题。在对目前DEM坡度提取算法研究的基础上,通过数学分析,给出了格网DEM上任意方向格网点的坡度计算模型和计算流程,并给出了相应的计算实例,从而将坡度计算模型从特定方向推向任意方向,使DEM坡度计算更具普适性。     

柔性均布压力加载装置在模型试验中的应用研究

将研制的新型柔性均布压力加载装置与传统的刚性加载装置分别应用到大型地质力学模型试验中,利用应力不均匀系数? 对其加载效果进行了量化对比分析。试验结果表明,随着加载压力值与距模型表面距离的增加,不均匀系数? 减小,压力分布趋于均匀;在模型试验中采用柔性均布压力加载装置,与刚性加载方式相比,其更有利于加载压力在模型体中均匀扩散,产生均匀的应力场,在该试验条件下采用此装置,模型内距模型表面300 mm处应力场已基本达到均匀的状态,模型初始应力施加完后,其? 仅为0.086,而采用刚性加载方式时其对应的? 则高达0.283;该装置在距模型表面较近时或加载压力较小时亦能产生较好的均布压力加载效果,如加载压力为0.28 MPa时距模型表面150 mm处? 仅为0.174,具有减小边界效应影响范围、提高低应力水平下的模型试验精度的作用。     

利用本体的WFS要素语义检索研究

为了实现基于多源WFS服务要素层次的语义检索,提出了一个要素本体的五元模型。在此框架下,研究了要素本体的自动构建方法,形式化定义了要素的空间关系,并扩展了逻辑关系以及空间关系的推理规则来实现要素层次的联合推理检索,并给出了联合规则推理的要素语义检索算法。实例证明,本文方法对多源WFS的语义查询具有实际的可行性,为多源WFS服务要素的语义检索提供了一个新的方法。     

Research and Application Progress of DRAINMOD Model

Establishing an effective hydrological model is important for guiding the design of small-scale drainage systems. The simulation principle and the sensitivity of key parameters of DRAINMOD model were summarized from four aspects:Hydrological characteristics, nitrogen transport, salt transport and model cooperation. The research application progresses of DRAINMOD model and its coupled model at home and abroad were systematically reviewed, and the limitations and development trends of the model were discussed. It is pointed out that DRAINMOD model has good simulation performance in the fields of agricultural drainage, nitrogen removal and stain reduction. In the simulation of cold area or urban stormwater regulation, domestic research needs to reference from foreign research results. The research suggests that the key research directions of DRAINMOD model could be summarized as the following aspects:\mathrm{①}Simulating the migration of phosphorus, organic micro-pollutants and heavy metal elements and their impacts on soil and crops; \mathrm{②}Mechanism research on the freezing-thawing of snow and application in cold regions; \mathrm{③}Application in the construction of urban stormwater regulation facilities.     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗卓仑音诺尔地区中二叠统哲斯组沉积环境、形成时代及意义

内蒙古苏尼特左旗卓仑音诺尔地区哲斯组可以分为下部的粉砂岩、页岩段和上部的砾岩-砂岩段,分别代表扇中亚相的漫流沉积和扇根亚相的近源快速沉积,反映研究区二叠纪以陆相盆地干旱型冲积扇为特征的岩相古地理面貌。碎屑岩年代学研究揭示,哲斯组的物源为兴安-艾力格庙地块、早古生代的岛弧岩浆岩带及晚石炭世和早二叠世的岩浆岩体,表明盆地具有复杂源区。测年样品中最年轻一组锆石年龄的峰值为281Ma,侵入该组的石英闪长玢岩年龄为248±3Ma,限定陆相盆地的形成时代为中二叠世—三叠纪初。区域地质分析表明,中—晚二叠世兴蒙造山带中西部的不同地区均发育陆源碎屑沉积盆地,但层序特征各不相同,可能属于互不连通的小型盆地,代表二叠纪的盆岭构造,揭示兴蒙造山带在二叠纪整体处于陆内伸展的构造环境。     

新疆富蕴县下石炭统南明水组沉积相及其古地理意义

新疆富蕴县以南下石炭统维宪阶南明水组的主要沉积相类型为扇三角洲相、滨海相、海岸平原相,其中扇三角洲相又分为扇三角洲平原和前缘亚相,滨海相主要为临滨亚相。古流向集中于320°~340°,表明物源来自研究区东南方向,推测早古生代塔尔巴哈台褶皱带东段是研究区南明水组的蚀源区。准噶尔东北部早石炭世维宪期古构造格局可能包括准噶尔古陆东北缘由早古生代褶皱带构成的剥蚀区（隆升区）和该剥蚀区西北以南明水组为代表的晚古生代被动大陆边缘。     

GNSS对流层延迟推算可降水量的季节转换模型研究

利用台湾桃园（TWTF）站气象数据和对流层延迟数据开展可降水量和对流层延迟序列的相关性分析,显示两者存在显著正相关特性。利用回归分析建立季节和全年转换模型,并利用各季节降水和无降水期间的数据对模型进行检验。结果显示,各季节GNSS可降水量与线性回归可降水量的RMS值小于1.5 mm,最大误差不超过3.3 mm,满足GNSS气象学的基本要求。