C—O—H体系高温高压流体相组成的热力学研究

本文在C－O－H体系流体相平衡基础上,利用现有的热力学数据和新的p－V－T资料,在pT=∑pi假定下,计算了高温、高压条件下流体相组成。结果表明,该体系主要存在五种流体相,在不同温压条件下各流体相所占比例不同。在相对较低的温、压条件下,CH4是体系中占主要的流体相（约占70％）,且随温、压和氧逸度的升高,它所占比例却明显降低,所获结果为探讨无机成因天然气形成的可能性、存在的量比和稳定存在的物理化学条件提供了充分的理论依据。     

造山带地区花岗岩类构造混杂现象研究--以清水泉地区为例

通过对东昆仑东段清水泉地区花岗岩类的详细野外研究,提出造山带地区岩浆岩中普遍存在构造混杂现象,并把构造混杂岩浆岩分为构造岩浆岩片和准构造岩浆岩片两类,为造山带地区侵入岩的研究提供了新思路。     

东秦岭晚白垩世恐龙多样性降低的气候因素

气候与环境变化是影响生物群演化的关键驱动因素,因此研究陆地生态系统所处的古气候与古环境背景对于探讨生物盛衰甚至灭绝具有重要的意义.我国盛产恐龙骨骼和恐龙蛋化石,但迄今对于古气候-环境演化与恐龙种群数量和多样性演化联系的研究相对匮乏.东秦岭地区发育多个晚中生代-早新生代陆相沉积盆地,蕴含大量晚白垩世恐龙骨骼和蛋、新生代哺乳动物化石,是开展古气候与恐龙动物群多样性演化关系,探究恐龙灭绝原因的理想场所.本研究对东秦岭灵宝盆地好阳河剖面开展环境磁学和元素地球化学研究,重建了该区晚白垩世-早始新世期间的化学风化强度和古水文循环过程,以揭示生物-环境协同演化的关系.化学风化强度和磁化率记录表明晚白垩世-早始新世期间灵宝盆地古气候-水文环境发生了三次大的阶段性变化：在约74.4~68.0 Ma,研究区处于水动力较稳定的深湖相沉积环境和逐渐变冷的气候状态;随后68.0~65.8 Ma时期研究区逐渐干旱化,水文波动变强;在65.8~54.7 Ma,区域气候变化强烈,呈现明显增强的干湿水文循环.本研究揭示了古气候-水文环境变化与恐龙种群演化的关系,提出东秦岭地区在晚白垩世末期（约68~66 Ma）的气候干旱化及变强的水文波动可能是驱动该区恐龙动物群多样性降低的主要原因,为深入理解生物-环境协同演化提供了新数据支撑.

     

Upper mantle P-wave tomography across the Longmenshan fault belt from passive-source seismic observations along Aba-Longquanshan profile

A passive seismic experiment across the Longmenshan (LMS) fault belt had been conducted between August 2006 and July 2007 for the understanding of geodynamic process between the Eastern Tibet and Sichuan basin. We herein collected 3677 first P arrival times with high precision from seismograms of 288 teleseismic events so as to reconstruct the upper mantle velocity structure. Our results show that the depth of the Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (LAB) changes from 70 km beneath Eastern Tibet to about 110 km beneath Longquanshan, Sichuan Basin, which is consistent with the receiver function imaging results. The very thin mantle part of the lithosphere beneath Eastern Tibet may suggest the lithosphere delamination due to strong interaction between the Tibetan eastward escaping flow and the rigid resisting Sichuan basin, which can be further supported by the existences of two high-velocity anomalies beneath LAB in our imaging result. We also find there are two related low-velocity anomalies beneath the LMS fault belt, which may indicate magmatic upwelling from lithosphere delamination and account for the origin of tremendous energy needed by the devastating Wenchuan earthquake.     

关中地区大气污染特征分析

基于2014-2018年关中区域西安、咸阳、渭南、铜川、宝鸡等5个主要城市6种大气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2、CO、NO2、O3)的逐日平均质量浓度和气象探空资料,分析了关中地区大气污染物时空分布特征、重污染过程持续性特征及逆温发生频率.结果表明:关中地区大气污染超标日达31％以上,西安最多为47％,其中颗粒...     

三江平原沼泽湿地植被净初级生产力空间变化特征分析

基于EOS/MODIS卫星2000～2005年的MOD17A3数据集,分析21世纪初三江平原沼泽湿地植被净初级生产力(NPP)时间变化和空间分异特征及其与气候因子(气温和降水)的关系,并采用空间分析方法,分析道路、河流、居民点等因子对沼泽湿地生产力的影响.结果表明,三江平原沼泽湿地生产力(C)的变化范围为92.2～675 g/(m2·a),平均值为374.2 g/(m2·a).沼泽湿地生产力主要受三江平原综合水热条件控制,其与气温和降水显著复相关,复相关系数为0.49(n=6,p<0.05).低生产力沼泽湿地主要分布在三江平原西、北部地区,高生产力沼泽湿地主要分布在东、南部地区.河流在0～8 km的范围内对三江平原沼泽湿地生产力有一定促进作用,但影响不显著.居民点扩建,道路修筑等人类活动影响沼泽湿地分布,并导致沼泽湿地生产力下降,其有效影响范围分别是0～6 km区域和0～8 km区域.     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长6_3岩性油藏储层地质建模

针对鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区勘探开发的需要,运用石油地质综合方法、测井技术、地质统计学及随机序贯高斯模拟方法,从储层特征和沉积相等基础研究出发,建立研究区长63油藏的储层地质模型,进而分析研究区岩性油藏物性的控制因素。结果表明:长63砂体主要发育在研究区中部和东部,砂体沿物源方向连续性较好,垂直物源方向连续性略差;孔隙度和渗透率的分布范围与砂体展布具有相似性,且渗透率分布范围比孔隙度略小。除受沉积作用控制外,成岩作用对研究区储层参数的分布也具有重要影响,有利储层主要分布在绿泥石膜剩余孔-长石溶蚀相及绿泥石膜剩余孔成岩相带上,根据试油资料,处于该有利相带的井一般日产油大于10t/d。     

Evapotranspiration Estimation Based on MODIS Products and Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land （SEBAL） Model in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

In this study,the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL) model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) products from Terra satellite were combined with meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration(ET) over the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Land cover/land use was classified by using a recursive partitioning and regression tree with MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) time series data,which were reconstructed based on the Savitzky-Golay filtering approach.The MODIS product Quality Assessment Science Data Sets(QA-SDS) was analyzed and all scenes with valid data covering more than 75% of the Sanjiang Plain were selected for the SEBAL modeling.This provided 12 overpasses during 184-day growing season from May 1st to October 31st,2006.Daily ET estimated by the SEBAL model was misestimaed at the range of-11.29% to 27.57% compared with that measured by Eddy Covariance system(10.52% on average).The validation results show that seasonal ET from the SEBAL model is comparable to that from ground observation within 8.86% of deviation.Our results reveal that the time series daily ET of different land cover/use increases from vegetation on-going until June or July and then decreases as vegetation senesced.Seasonal ET is lower in dry farmland(average(Ave):491 mm) and paddy field(Ave:522 mm) and increases in wetlands to more than 586 mm.As expected,higher seasonal ET values are observed for the Xingkai Lake in the southeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain(Ave:823 mm),broadleaf forest(Ave:666 mm) and mixed wood(Ave:622 mm) in the southern/western Sanjiang Plain.The ET estimation with SEBAL using MODIS products can provide decision support for operational water management issues.     

Chromite deposits in China and their origin

The major chromite resources of China occur in ophiolites and continental intrusions. Podiform chromite deposits are mainly developed in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic ophiolitic mantle sequences. They occur as tabular, lenticular, or irregular masses hosted by dunite lithologies, or dunite lenses, or harzburgite associated with dunite lenses. Main stratiform deposits occur within the Archean Northern China craton and are named as the Gaosi-type deposits, which are contained in intrusions similar to their Alaskan-type counterparts and are characterised by their ring-shaped ores. Stratiform deposits are also found in Phanerozoic ophiolites. Chromites in the ophiolites are chemically divided into high-A1 and high-Cr types, both of which plot in the alpine type field. Chromites from the Gaosi-type deposits belong to high-Fe type, possessing uniform Al contents. The podiform chromitites were generated from magmatic pockets in the mantle sequences, whereas those deposits (such as the Dadao deposit) in cumulate sequences had a similar origin but crystallized at shallower depths. Stratiform Gaosi-type deposits should have formed by accumulation of chromites which were in equilibrium with an ultramafic magma with a uniform Al content.     

O3浓度增加对冬小麦影响的试验研究

利用OTC 1型开顶式气室对冬小麦进行不同O3 浓度处理的试验研究。结果表明 ,O3 浓度增加 ,冬小麦发育期表现为开花前期有所延迟 ,开花后期的各发育期明显提前 ,生育期缩短 ,植株矮化 ,干物质累积量明显下降。无论是长时期通气处理还是阶段性通气处理 ,产量均明显降低