云南富宁地区泥盆系—石炭系界线碳、氧同位素特征及对海平面变化的响应

右江盆地沉积连续的泥盆纪—石炭纪岩石地层,是中国泥盆纪与石炭纪之交Hangenberg生物大灭绝事件的重点研究区域。选取右江盆地西缘云南富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层,在岩石地层学研究的基础上对碳酸盐岩进行系统的碳、氧同位素组成研究。富宁地区晚泥盆世—早石炭世地层存在不同幅度的δ13C、δ18O负向偏移,尤其在泥盆系—石炭系界线附近负偏移明显,δ13C、δ18O值偏移层位与层序地层学转换及古生物灭绝事件发生层位一致,反映了晚泥盆世法门期海平面下降和早石炭世的海侵事件。研究区泥盆系—石炭系界线附近δ13C值负偏趋势与右江盆地内δ13C值演化偏移相似,华南其他典型剖面δ13C值亦呈现不同幅度的负向偏移,泥盆纪与石炭纪之交的碳同位素演化序列与欧洲、北美地区δ13C值负向偏移反映的海平面下降事件一致,具全球性对比意义。     

Preliminary assessment of CO2 transport and storage costs of promising source–sink matching scenarios in Guangdong province,China

Guangdong is the most economically developed province in China, which is a large CO₂ emitter and hence is faced with severe carbon reduction pressures. In this paper, a cost assessment methodology based on scenario analysis is presented. A CO₂ source and sink database was built at Guangdong after detailed investigations on the point sources and sedimentary basins. Fifteen transport and five storage scenarios were defined and studied, respectively. Cost estimates based on these scenarios show that during its lifetime, the costs of both transport and storage depend on the amount of CO₂ processed. More CO₂ being processed will bring down the unit costs of both transport and storage. However, it was observed that there is a cost inflection point between the storage amount of 35.2 and 52.8 Mt/year, which means that as the storage amount increases, the storage cost will first decrease and then increase. Source region S1 in Guangdong has been recommended for an early chance of CO₂ storage. Preliminary cost comparisons have shown that the results presented in this study are reasonable, but to improve the cost assessment accuracy of offshore CO₂ storage, a methodology based on a CO₂ storage design that can integrate local prices needs to be further developed.     

矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望

本文阐述了露天矿边坡工程的特点, 回顾了露天矿边坡稳定性研究及其取得的理论成果和进展, 指出露天矿边坡稳定性研究的特点, 提出相应的研究技术路线与方法。     

Variations of methane stable isotopic values from an Alpine peatland on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Acta Geochimica - Isotopic signature is a powerful tool to discriminate methane (CH4) source types and constrain regional and global scale CH4 budgets. Peatlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are...     

陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法

本文以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例论述了陆相断陷盆地陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法。分析了陡坡带特殊性及复杂性,针对复杂扇体油藏精细等时地层对比、控砂机制、有效储层划分和油气分布的纵向分带性提出了有效的研究方法,并形成了一整套有针对性的勘探技术流程,在东营凹陷乃至济阳坳陷具有较好的推广前景。     

龙门山中段埃姆斯期群落分析及生态环境模式

龙门山中段白石－长河坝大型飞来峰泥盆纪地层发育,埃姆斯划分为四个古生物群落,配方详细分析了养马坝组Ｚｄｍｉｒ群落和Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落的生物组成、丰度、生活方式及生态环境,首次发现龙门山区以Ｚｄｍｉｒ－属为主的生物群受生态环境控制明显,可以出现有Ｘｅｎｏｓｐｉｒｉｆｅｒ ｆｏｎｇｉ群落之下,其时代属晚埃姆斯期,并建立早泥盆世埃姆斯期群落的生态环境模式。     

Damage Constitutive and Failure Prediction of Artificial Single-Joint Sandstone Based on Acoustic Emission

The effect law of deformation and failure of a jointed rock mass is essential for underground engineering safety and stability evaluation. In order to study the evolution mechanism and precursory characteristics of instability and failure of jointed rock masses, uniaxial compression and acoustic emission (AE) tests are conducted on sandstones with different joint dip angles. To simulate the mechanical behavior of the rock, a jointed rock mass damage constitutive model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on damage mechanics theory and taking into account the effect of rock mass structure and load coupling. To quantify the mechanism of rock instability, a cusp catastrophe model with AE characteristic parameters is created based on catastrophe theory. The results indicate that when the joint dip angle increases from 0° to 90°, the failure mechanism of sandstone shifts from tensile to shear, with 45° being the critical failure mode. Sandstone's compressive strength reduces initially and subsequently increases, resulting in a U-shaped distribution. The developed damage constitutive model's theoretical curve closely matches the test curve, indicating that the model can reasonably describe the damage evolution of sandstone. The cusp catastrophe model has a high forecast accuracy, and when combined with the damage constitutive model, the prediction accuracy can be increased further. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the safety and stability evaluation of underground engineering.

     

地理国情监测技术路线研究

针对目前地理国情监测过程中遇到的信息采集涉及行业广、种类多、工作繁琐等问题,该文提出了一种新的技术路线,并详细探讨了不同部门、不同行业信息的获取方式。对于基础地理信息采集时地理国情及地表覆盖分类中存在的特殊道路、特殊河流、特殊房屋信息难以采集的情况,给出具体采集办法,提高了采集效率和采集精度;规范地理国情监测框架要求的其他部门、行业信息采集标准,并针对数据量大、类型复杂、调用部门多等问题,提出以云数据库存储数据,解决了后期数据库需多次扩展问题。通过分析与研究表明:此技术路线具有良好的可行性,采用此技术路线可有效采集地理信息并进行数据整合。     

黑石礁海域生物碳、氮稳定同位素组成的研究

稳定同位素技术是研究生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的有效技术。利用稳定同位素技术研究了黑石礁海域浮游植物和6种海洋生物的δ13 C和δ15组成、营养位置、空间分布和月份变化。结果显示:浮游植物的δ15 C远低于其他物种,不同物种的δ13 C和δ15 N存在明显的差异,且有交叉现象,表明他们同化了不同的碳源;物种的δ15 N值空间差异较大而δ13 C值空间差异不明显,且δ15 N值与距离排污口的远近有关系,越靠近排污口δ15 N越大,与人类活动营养物质的输入有关系,可以用δ15 N监测人类活动对海洋生物的影响;孔石莼的δ15 N月平均变化很大,浮游植物δ15 N值基本没有变化,其他物种没有发生很大的变化;孔石莼是适合短期监测人类活动对海洋影响的物种。     

基于物理特征的平面流场拓扑简化算法

基于网格合并思想实现的平面流场拓扑简化,存在物理特征被忽略和并行实现困难的问题,难以满足远程可视化的要求。文中提出1种基于物理特征的平面流场拓扑简化算法。算法通过计算生成平面流场的物理特征参数图像,利用图像分割提取平面流场的特征区域达到流场简化的目的。实验结果表明,算法能从物理特征和宏观的角度出发快速、准确描述平面流场的拓扑结构,为平面流场可视化提供了1种新方法。