An intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment system

On the basis of previous work, this paper designs an intelligent agent based on virtual geographic environment (VGE) system that is characterized by huge data, rapid computation, multi-user, multi-thread and intelligence and issues challenges to traditional GIS models and algorithms. The new advances in software and hardware technology lay a reliable basis for system design, development and application.     

Estimation of asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients in the process of geodetic network adjustment by the least-squares method

 This paper presents an extension of the geodetic network adjustment model. The proposed extension makes possible the estimation of the 3-rd and 4-th central moments for the vector of measurement errors in the process of network adjustment by the least-squares method with application of orthogonal matrices. It allows to estimate the asymmetry and kurtosis of the measurement errors distribution. Received 13 April 1993; Accepted 8 July 1996     

The stochastic estimation of satellite clock correction information in WADGPS

1 IntroductionChnventional DGPS is limited by the range overwhich the differential corrections are valid due tothe rapid decorrelation of the error sources with in-creasing distance from the reference station to user.In wide area differential GPS (WWPS) errorsources in GPS measurements are medeled sepa-rately,on the basis of a limited number of referencestaitOns, to overcome this drawback. The main er-ror sources are regarded as broadcast ephemeris er-ror,atmospheric refraction and satel…     

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论煤层的加积方式

煤层成因是煤地质学的核心。煤层是一种沉积地层,它遵循沉积学、地层学、岩石学以及矿床学的基本规律,也有其特殊性,其成因并不同于煤的成因。传统煤地质学的核心观点是煤层由泥炭沼泽演化而成,其本质就是成煤物质的垂向加积。通过对煤层垂向和侧向加积的分析对比以及大面积稳定展布的厚煤层低自然伽马多峰现象、层理与条带结构等沉积特征的研究,认为成煤物质是机械沉积的,煤层像大多数沉积岩层一样是侧向加积形成的。对于厚煤层而言,多期侧向加积产生了次生垂向加积,其形成过程不是一个简单的、连续的、线性的垂向累加过程,而是一个复杂的、不连续的、非线性的侧向叠合过程,成煤物质是不连续的、多期多源的,厚煤层中普遍存在的夹矸便是其不连续的证据,同时厚煤层是穿时的。煤层侧向加积与较深水或海相沉积共生,是一个有机连续的整体,符合瓦尔特相律和古生态学原理,符合煤层厚度、形态多变及下伏地层沉积体系多种多样,也符合成煤物质超巨量工业富集、含煤地层灰色灰黑色、煤矿床质量优良的事实。     

Distribution of Indus born mica along Gulf of Kachchh coast: Implications in understanding current dynamics

Indus is one of the major sources of sediments to the Gulf of Kachchh. Yet only its <63 micron fraction is studied in detail with regards to the offshore current dynamics. Hence here we present our study on characteristic signature of the Indus sediment load (i.e. mica minerals) in >63 micron size fraction along the coast of Gulf of Kachchh. The spatial distribution of mica minerals along the Gulf of Kachchh coast was studied which showed in general decreasing trend as we move along the northern and southern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh but, an increase in amount near the southern mouth at Okha. The study shows that the earlier proposed tidal barrier is ineffective in restricting movement of mica across the mouth of the gulf due to its characteristic transport mechanism. Also the presence of mudflats along the gulf of Kachchh coast plays a vital role as sediment receptors in the active sediment transport processes and mica minerals prove to be a promising simple tracer in studying the Indus born sediments in the region.     

Estimating coseismic deformations from near source strong motion records: methods and case studies

Digital strong-motion accelerographs have opened up the possibility of extracting ground motion characteristics at much lower frequencies than was offered by analogue instruments. High-quality digital data obtained close to the faults have tempted several efforts to retrieve permanent ground displacements after an earthquake. Such attempts have been partly successful, and somewhat subjective, the main reason being the presence of baseline offsets in the accelerometric data. We review existing methods for such applications, discuss their limitations and propose a more objective and improved scheme to make baseline adjustments and obtain permanent displacements. The proposed technique is applied to 26 digital recordings from the 29 May 2008 Ölfus Earthquake in South Iceland and 9 recordings from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake, and the permanent displacements obtained are compared with published results and GPS measurements from nearby stations. Our case studies show that the proposed technique, in addition to being simple and objective, is effective in making adjustments for baseline errors in accelerometric data.