野外地质试样中金的萃取—X射线辐射测定

本文介绍了野外地质试样中的萃取－X射线辐射测定法。该法的优点是仪器重量轻，价廉，耗电量小，简易，快速，组件部分成批生产等，可广泛应用于地质勘探工作实践。     

CORRELATION BY FLUVIATILE TERRACES

INTRODUCTION The use of landforms as a means of correlation to supplement pal(?)on-tological and stratigraphic evidence has recently been receiving increasing atten-tion in connection with problems of Cenozoic research in China.     

马德拉斯麻粒岩的地球化学及结晶作用的温度压力条件

马德拉斯(Madras)麻粒岩的主要元素和痕量元素地球化学研究使用了帕拉瓦拉姆(Pallavaram)地区64个有代表性的样品,这些样品在地球化学上可以分为四种不同的岩类:变火成岩的辉石麻粒岩类,变辉长岩类和紫苏花岗岩类以及变沉积岩的孔达岩类(Khondalites)。变火成岩类岩石在一起显示了明显的富铁拉斑玄武岩趋势,而与苏格兰刘易斯麻粒岩所显示的总的钙碱趋势相对照。辉石麻粒岩类和变辉长岩之间的地球化学差异表明前者可代表原始玄武岩的液体组份,后者则较近似于堆积岩类。紫苏花岗岩类的大部分在成分上相当于石英二长岩,而缺少中性组份,这就突出了变火成岩组合的双模式性,双模式性在其它太古宙地区是一种常见的特征。根据Ba、Rb、Sr亲石元素和轻稀土元素的丰度,紫苏花岗岩质岩类总体上类似于现代安第斯山的同类岩石。然而其中钇的丰度很低,表明重稀土元素的减少虽然可变但很重要,也表明了石榴石或角闪石在其成因方面的影响。和其它麻粒岩地体一样,在某些岩石类型中K/Rb比值随K_2O减少而有增加的趋势,并记载有K/Rb比值为1700。然而,岩石中的K/Rb比值在矿物学方面有明显的依赖性,那些具钾相的岩石有较低的K/Rb比值。虽然如此,甚至富钾长石的紫苏花岗岩的K/Rb比值仍然高于地壳的平均值。在不同的矿物组合中共存辉石和石榴石电子探针分析提供了一致的温度压力数据 (据几种方法),确定变质结晶作用的条件为720—840℃和9—10千巴。长石温度计表明结晶作用的温度约为680℃。这些温度压力条件与其它前寒武纪麻粒岩相地体所记载的情况是很一致的。     

GEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE DEPOSITS OF THE SANGKANHO BASIN.

This paper offers a preliminary statement of the results of investigations carried out in the South Sangkanho basin, in the mountains some 80 miles to the NW of Peking. Important fossiliferous deposits found in this area throw light on the conditions ruling in N. China during the transition from Pliocene     

Opaque Mineralogy as a Tracer of Magmatic History of Volcanic Rocks:an Example from the Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat Intercontinental Volcanic Field, North Western Saudi Arabia

The Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat volcanic field is part of the major intercontinental Harrat fields in western Saudi Arabia.It comprises lava flows of olivine basalt and hawaiite,in addition to mugearite,benmorite,and trachyte that occur mainly as domes,tuff cones and lava flows.Based on opaque mineralogy and mineral chemistry,the Harrat Rahat volcanic varieties are distinguished into Group I(olivine basalt and hawaiite) and Group II(mugearite,benmorite and trachyte).The maximum forsterite content(~85) is encountered in zoned forsteritic olivine of Group I,whereas olivine of Group II is characterized by intermediate(Fo=50),fayalitic(Fo=25) and pure fayalite in the mugearite,benmorite and trachyte,respectively.The more evolved varieties of Group II contain minerals that show enrichment of Fe2+,Mn2+and Na+that indicates normal fractional crystallization.The common occurrence of coarse apatite with titanomagnetite in the benmorite indicates that P5+becomes saturated in this rock variety and drops again in trachyte.Cr-spinel is recorded in Group I varieties only and the Cr#(0.5) suggests lherzolite as a possible restite of the Harrat Rahat volcanics.The plots of Cr# vs.the forsterite content(Fo) suggest two distinct trends,which are typical of mixing of two basaltic magmas of different sources and different degrees of partial melting.The bimodality of Harrat Rahat Cr-spinel suggests possible derivation from recycled MORB slab in the mantle as indicated by the presence of high-Al spinel.It is believed that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle was modified by pervious subduction process and played the leading role in the genesis of the Harrat Rahat intraplate volcanics.The trachytes of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field were formed most probably by melting of a lower crust at the mantle-crust boundary.The increase in fO2 causes a decrease in Cr2 O3,and Al2 O3,and a strong increase in the proportion of Fe3+and Mg# of spinel crystallizing from the basaltic melt at T ~1200°C.The olivine-pyroxene and olivine-spinel geothermometers yielded equilibrium temperature in the range of 935-1025°C,whereas the range of <500-850°C from single-pyroxene thermometry indicates either post crystallization reequilibrium of the clinopyroxene,or the mineral is xenocrystic and re-equilibrated in a cooling basaltic magma.     

凿岩机的减振装置

目前在工业部门中所使用的风动凿岩机具有很大的振动。列宁格勒国民经济会议区“气动学”工厂于 1963年成批生产 KB1 及KBC1型减振托     

Organic-walled Microfossils from the Early Middle Cambrian sediments of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: Possible Implications for Sedimentary Environment in the SE Margin of the Baltica

An association of organic-walled microfossils consisting of filamentous cyanobacteria, algal coenobia and acanthomorphic acritarch have been documented from non-calcareous claystones and mudstones of the Pepper Mountains Shale Formation(PMSF), located in its stratotype area in the Pepper Mountains, which are part of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. These sediments represent the oldest strata of the ?ysogóry Unit, deposited on the edge of the East European Craton(Baltica). Non-branched, ribbon-like and thread-like cyanobacteria trichomes exhibit morphological similarities to families Nostocaceae and Oscillatoriaceae. Cells assembled in rounded to irregular clusters of monospecific agglomerations represent multicellular algal coenobia, attributed to the family Scenedesmaceae. The co-occurrence of acritarchs belonging to species as Eliasum llaniscum, Cristallinium ovillense and Estiastra minima indicates that the studied material corresponds to the lower Middle Cambrian. Deposition of the PMSF took place in shallow marine environment, influenced by periodical freshwater inputs. The varying degree of coloration of organic-walled microfossils is interpreted in this study as factor indication of possible different source of their derivation. Dark brown walls of cells assembled in algal coenobia might have sustained previous humification in humid, terrestrial environments, which preceded their river transport into the sea together with nutrients, causing occasional blooms of cyanobacteria in the coastal environment and the final deposition of both groups of organisms in marine deposits.     

近景摄影测量的发展

<正> 本书论及了近年来近景摄影测量重大发展的状况。近景摄影测量并不仅仅涉及地形测图,而是有着广泛应用领域的测量技术。本书在向从事测量和数据获取的专业人员讲述近景摄影测量原理及用途。第一章概述近景摄影测量的起源,早期模拟方法的应用和近期解析技术的发展。当读者将注意力转向实用领域时便知,过去在近景摄影测量精度方面的研究限多,而对时间和费用两个“参数”的考虑则不足。为此,作者强调指出,要使近景摄影测量普遍用于生产过程,则应把研究重点转到时间和