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排序方式: 共有104条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
101.
Alfredo Reyes-Salazar Mario D. Llanes-Tizoc Juan Bojorquez Edén Bojórquez Arturo López-Barraza Achintya Haldar 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(10):2827-2858
The seismic responses of steel buildings with perimeter moment resisting frames (MRF) with welded connections (WC) are estimated and compared to those of similar buildings with semi-rigid post-tensioned connections (PC). The responses are estimated in terms of ductility reduction factors (R µ,), ductility demands (µ G ) and force reduction factors (R). Two steel model buildings, which were modeled as complex-3D-MDOF systems, were used in the study. Results indicate that the reduction magnitude of global response parameters is larger than that of local response parameters, contradicting the same reduction implicitly assumed in the static equivalent lateral force procedure, implying that non-conservative design may result. The value of 8 for R, suggested in many codes for ductile steel MRF, and the value of 1 suggested in the well known Newmark and Hall procedure for the ratio of R to µ G , cannot be justified. The reason for this is that SDOF systems were used to model actual structures, where higher mode effects, energy dissipation and structural overstrength weren’t explicitly considered. The codes should be more transparent regarding the magnitude and the components involved in the force reduction factors. The seismic performance of steel buildings with PC may be superior to that of the buildings with WC, since their force reduction factors are larger and their ductility demands smaller, implying that PC buildings could be designed for smaller lateral seismic forces. The conclusions of this paper are for the particular structural systems and models considered. Much more research is needed to reach more general conclusions. 相似文献
102.
Leoncio García-Barrón Julia Morales Arturo Sousa 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(3-4):445-457
Variability in precipitation affects annual total records and causes instability in rainfall distribution throughout the year. Our aim in this study was to develop a procedure, based on pluviometric centralisation and dispersion parameters, that is able to characterise rainfall distribution throughout a year of precipitation in a unique, condensed and precise manner. This enabled the evolution of intra-annual precipitation from 1837 to 2010 in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula to be determined. The obtained results showed irregular oscillations of the parameters during the selected period. Specifically, patterns of precipitation in recent decades revealed the following differentiating features: the displacement of the most intense rainy periods in autumn with a consequent decrease in precipitation in spring, and more erratic distribution throughout the year with an increase of the frequency of intra-annual dispersion peaks. 相似文献
103.
Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez John S. Armstrong-Altrin Leticia Rosales-Hoz María L. Machain-Castillo Arturo Carranza-Edwards 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):148
Coastal margins, especially the river-influenced coastal areas, are considered as active interfaces between the continental and oceanic environments, which have huge dispersal of detrital materials and heavy metal input. It is well determined that the fine-grained sediments are important reservoir for the accumulation of heavy metals. In this study, we analyzed the radiocarbon age, texture, organic matter, carbonate content, and geochemical compositions of two sediment cores (GM42 and GM44) retrieved in front of the Coatzacoalcos River mouth basin, southwestern Gulf of Mexico (~864 and 845 m water depth, respectively). Our objective was to infer the sedimentation rate, intensity of weathering, provenance, and influence of anthropogenic activities on heavy metal contamination in sediments. The radiocarbon-age measurements of mixed planktonic foraminifera for core GM44 reveals an age of 21,289 ± 136 cal. years B.P., which fall within the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21000 ± 2000 years B.P). The calculated sedimentation rate for core GM42 (~0.013 cm/year) is lower than in core GM44 (0.022 cm/year), which is probably due to the variations in detrital sediment input and/or seafloor topography. The weathering indices such as chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), and plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) suggested that the source area experienced low to moderate intensity of chemical weathering under warm to humid climatic conditions. The SiO2/Al2O3, Al2O3/Na2O, and K2O/Al2O3 ratio values indicated moderate to high compositional maturity. The major and trace element concentrations suggested that the sediments were likely derived from intermediate source rocks. The heavy metal contents indicated that the sediments were not contaminated by the industrial waste disposals supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River. The redox proxy sensitive elements such as V, Cr, Cu, and Zn indicated an oxic depositional environment for the deep-sea sediment cores. The application of discrimination diagrams for the geochemistry data revealed a passive margin setting for the sediment cores. The compositional variations observed at the upper sections (<30 cm) between the two sediment cores revealed that the type of detrital sediments supplied by the Coatzacoalcos River to the deep sea area is not uniform, which is also revealed by the variation in sedimentation rate. 相似文献
104.
Functional diversity of fish and invertebrates in coral and rocky reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific
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Georgina Ramírez‐Ortiz Luis E. Calderon‐Aguilera Hector Reyes‐Bonilla Arturo Ayala‐Bocos Luis Hernández Francisco Fernández Rivera‐Melo Andres López‐Pérez Arturo Dominici‐Arosamena 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(4)
To define the functional groups of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), visual censuses were performed in 18 areas of four biogeographic provinces: Cortés, Mexican, Panamic and Oceanic Islands. A total of 257 fish and macroinvertebrate species were recorded, and from them, 27 morpho‐functional groups (MFGs) were constructed on the basis of trophic level, maximum size, taxonomy and morphology. Biomass, richness, diversity and evenness of MFGs were calculated for each province and compared statistically; a regression analysis between taxonomic and functional diversity was conducted to observe the relationship between these two indicators. There were significant differences in all ecological indices (p < .002), highlighting the high biomass and richness of MFGs in the Cortés and Oceanic Islands provinces (>400 g/m2), associated with the influence of cold currents in the northernmost region and less fishing pressure in protected areas. A decreasing pattern of MFG richness towards the tropics was observed, which demonstrates that in the ETP, the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and species diversity has been translated into functional complexity. The Mexican province was the most functionally diverse (biomass well distributed in the MFG; H′ = 0.46 ± 0.009). Related to this, it is predicted that biomass is biased towards certain functional groups (i.e., large carnivores), which shows that the H′ index of the MFG is not a good indicator of the conservation status of ETP reefs. Finally, regression analysis suggests that functional diversity increases at low species diversity but eventually reaches an asymptote (almost all possible functions are represented). 相似文献