西藏拿顿铜(金)矿床岩矿相学、流体包裹体和地球化学特征与成矿作用研究

拿顿矿床位于多龙矿集区西南部,地处西藏成矿潜力巨大的班公湖-怒江成矿带上,目前该矿床的勘查研究程度非常低,仅在地表圈定出一个铜金矿体,具有很大的找矿前景。本文对拿顿矿床的岩矿相学、流体包裹体及地球化学特征进行了研究。矿床中主要蚀变矿物有高岭土、绢云母、绿帘石、方解石、白云石等,并存在银金矿、辰砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿等特征金属矿物组合。斑晶与胶结物中的流体包裹体均一温度集中在222~360℃之间,主要成分以H2O为主,含有少量CO_2,斑晶中包裹体的盐度为一组高盐度值(18.35%~26.7%NaCleqv.)和一组低盐度值(0.18%~12.85%NaCleqv.),胶结物中包裹体盐度值较低,主要分布在1.6%~12.5%NaCleqv.区间内,是在中低温、低盐度、氧化环境中形成,成矿流体受大气降水的影响较为明显。花岗闪长斑岩中SiO2含量为55.9%~65.67%,平均值为60.52%,Na_2O+K_2O含量为3.54%~5.563%,平均值为4.83%,属于高钾钙碱性系列至钾玄岩系列。A/CNK值为1.63~2.93,平均值为2.6,反映原岩为过铝质岩石。花岗闪长斑岩中稀土总量ΣREE变化范围为29.09×10~(-6)~98.73×10~(-6),整体上具轻微铕负异常(δEu=0.7~1.12),不具铈异常(δCe=0.84~0.99);岩石富集大离子亲石元素(LILE:Rb、K),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),具岛弧火山岩的典型特征。矿床脉状黄铁矿中Co/Ni比值为0.05~8.523,平均值为4.219,为热液成因,脉状黄铁矿多与石英脉共生,为后期热液作用阶段的产物。矿床中黄铁矿δ34S值的分布范围为-4.5‰~0.7‰,平均值为-1.95‰,黄铜矿的δ34S值为-7‰~-3.3‰,平均值为-5.43‰,硫同位素δ34S值偏小,且为负值,指示矿床中的硫受到了还原硫的影响。矿床中赋矿岩体为花岗闪长斑岩,发育银金矿、辰砂等特征矿物组合,流体包裹体具有斑岩型铜(金)矿床的中高温流体特征,据此判断矿床成因类型为低硫型浅成低温热液矿床叠加斑岩型铜(金)矿床。根据因子分析,矿床最早期的成岩作用形成早期的中酸性岩体;矿床的成矿作用主要为热液铜金矿化作用,随后发生铅锌矿化、磁铁矿化和钾化等作用,在成矿后期有含碳酸盐热液的侵入。     

西藏班戈县江错铁矿正长斑岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及意义

在班戈县东偏北约100km的江错铁矿采集正长斑岩样品,进行系统的岩相学、地球化学及锆石LAMC-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。结果显示正长斑岩的SiO_2含量变化为59.55%～62.61%,平均值61.52%,Na_2O含量变化为9.31%～10.01%,平均值9.74%;K_2O含量变化为0.107%～0.12%,平均值0.113%,里特曼指数变化范围为5.16～5.36,属于钠质碱性岩系列,是班公湖-怒江缝合带中段班戈地区首次发现的碱性岩。锆石U-Pb年龄为170±2.4Ma,表明其为中侏罗世的产物。综合对比区域地质资料,认为这套正长斑岩应该是班公湖-怒江洋盆开始俯冲早期的不成熟岛弧阶段的产物。     

PCA和KLE在高采样率GPS定位中的应用

为抑制多路径误差和随机噪声以提高定位精度,引入主成分分析（PCA）和KLE变换方法对定位坐标序列随机噪声水平进行评价、提取和消除多天坐标序列中的多路径误差。对比分析结果表明,主成分系数比值能有效地反映出强随机噪声对某天定位坐标序列的影响,PCA方法能有效地提取和消除多天定位坐标序列中的多路径误差,显著提高定位精度。KLE变换对随机噪声污染不敏感,对多路径误差的滤波能力较PCA略弱,但其对随机噪声以及局部异常具有较好的抑制作用。     

Annual variations in the surface radiation budget and soil water and heat content in the Upper Yellow River area

Measurements taken between July 2006 to May 2007 at the Maqu station in the Upper Yellow River area were used to study the surface radiation budget and soil water and heat content in this area. These data revealed distinct seasonal variations in downward shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation and net radiation, with larger values in the summer than in winter because of solar altitudinal angle. The upward shortwave radiation factor is not obvious because of albedo (or snow). Surface albedo in the summer was lower than in the winter and was directly associated with soil moisture and solar altitudinal angle. The annual averaged albedo was 0.26. Soil heat flux, soil temperature and soil water content changed substantially with time and depth. The soil temperature gradient was positive from August to February and was related to the surface net radiation and the heat condition of the soil itself. There was a negative correlation between soil temperature gradient and net radiation, and the correlation coefficient achieved a significance level of 0.01. Because of frozen state of the soil, the maximum soil thermal conductivity value was 1.21 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹ in January 2007. In May 2007, soil thermal conductivity was 0.23 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹, which is the lowest value measured in the study, likely due to the fact that the soil was drier then than in other months. The soil thermal conductivity values for the four seasons were 0.27, 0.38, 0.55 and 0.83 W m⁻¹°C⁻¹, respectively.     

自动气象站风速传感器自动化检定系统设计与实现

主要介绍了如何对省、市气象计量检定部门原来配置的500型风洞检定系统进行升级改造。总体方案和设计思想是以计算机为核心,开发研制数据采集器和电机控制电路将检定过程中的物理量全部数字化,计算机从采集器的串行异步口读人数据,实现自动气象站风速传感器室内检定过程全自动化,同时具备常规测风仪器的半自动检定能力。检定数据传入局域网服务器,实现数据远程处理、打印和共享。软件基于Windows平台,采用VB6．0编写。系统已成功投入使用,一年多的检定实践证明,该系统运行稳定可靠,使用方便,操作简单,计划在全国气象计量检定单位推广应用。     

赣南地区石英脉型钨矿成矿流体特征

赣南是我国钨矿床最密集的地区,尤以石英脉型钨矿最为发育。本文通过分析近年来该区石英脉型钨矿流体包裹体类型、流体包裹体特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱等方面的最新成果,结合碳、氢、氧及锶同位素的研究成果,探讨赣南石英脉型钨矿的流体特征,重点探讨石英脉型钨矿形成过程中的流体演化。认为赣南石英脉型钨矿成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,流体演化始于高温高盐度的岩浆—热液过渡阶段,与黑钨矿沉淀密切相关的流体温度主要集中于260~360℃,盐度主要集中于4~9wt%NaCl eq.,属中—低盐度、富含SiO_2、挥发组分及多种成矿元素的热液体系;矿质主要以流体沸腾和混合作用为主,自然冷却仅为少数矿床的主要矿石沉淀机制。     

陆相页岩气储层孔隙发育特征及其主控因素分析:以鄂尔多斯盆地长7段为例

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组是目前最具页岩气潜力的研究层段之一。本文以该盆地东部长7段为研究对象,运用氮气吸附法及氩离子剖光扫描电镜分析对页岩气储层孔隙结构及孔隙类型进行分析和测定,并结合岩石矿物组分、有机质成熟度以及总有机碳（TOC）质量分数,讨论了孔隙结构和影响因素。结果表明,长7段页岩气储层孔隙结构复杂,根据吸附回线形态可分为2类：Ⅰ类回线主要对应孔径为2.6~4.2 nm的狭缝结构或楔形结构的平行板状孔或微裂缝,具体可分为黏土矿物矿片间孔隙、有机质内狭缝状孔隙及基质微裂隙等类型;Ⅱ类回线主要为分布于2.3~3.1、3.5~3.8、4.3~5.2 nm等多个孔径段的开放型圆筒状孔,包括有机质孔和残余粒间孔。中孔和微孔是总孔体积和比表面积的主要贡献者。w（TOC）是延长组页岩总孔体积及比表面积的主要控制因素,与总孔体积及比表面积均呈正相关关系;镜质体反射率及矿物含量对孔隙发育的控制作用不明显,但黏土矿物对微孔孔容贡献较大,其中伊利石质量分数与BET比表面积及孔容有较好的相关性。     

Study of the comprehensive risk analysis of dam-break flooding based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. Part I: model development

Dam-break floods have been of increasing concern to safety engineers and decision makers. The presence of complex terrain in inundation areas multiplies the simulation difficulty of flood routing. In previous studies, representing the flood routing parameters empirically does not reflect the characteristics of flood routing, which strongly influences the accurate assessment of the dam-break consequences. The basis for carrying out dangerous reservoir reinforcement is just engineering safety, without considering the actual situation of downstream areas. In this study, a comprehensive risk analysis of the dam-break flood was implemented based on the numerical simulation of flood routing. First, coupled with the volume of fluid method, a three-dimensional k–? turbulence mathematical model was developed for flood routing in complex inundation areas. Then, based on the flow parameters obtained through computational fluid dynamics modeling, the attribute measure methodology was used for the evaluation of consequences combined with the calculation of the dam-break consequences (loss of life, economic loss, social and environmental influence). Furthermore, a methodology containing the combined weight method and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method was proposed for risk ranking of dangerous reservoirs due to its logical consideration of scalar values that simultaneously account for both the best and worst alternatives. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to provide information about the stability of risk ranking. The aforementioned model and methodology are applied to a case involving five reservoirs in the Haihe River Basin in China for Part II of this study.     

近55年东北冷涡与辽西地区降水关系分析

利用1961—2015年辽宁省西部地区18个测站月降水量资料和东北地区209个测站1961—2015年月平均气温资料、NOAA重建的月平均海表温度资料以及88项大气环流指数、26项海温指数资料定义了适用于辽西地区的夏季标准化东北冷涡强度指数(NECVI)和冷涡降水预报因子,并对东北冷涡和辽西冷涡降水进行详细分析,结果表明:近55年,辽西地区冷涡降水夏季和年贡献率整体趋势较稳定,无明显变化,表现出18年左右的显著振荡周期。东北冷涡偏强年,NECVI指数偏大,标准化降水指数(SPI)偏高,对应辽西地区降水偏多;反之,东北冷涡偏弱年,NECVI指数偏小,SPI指数偏低,对应辽西地区降水偏少。前期3月Nino 3区海表温度距平指数、5月黑潮区海温指数、3月西太平洋副高强度指数均与辽西冷涡降水显著相关,具有较好的指示意义,可作为冷涡降水的预报因子,为辽西夏季气候预测和人工影响天气工作的开展提供参考。