地磁场模型和冠谐分析

地磁场是由内源场(地核场和地壳场)和外源场(电离层场和磁层场)组成的,地磁场模型是表示地磁场时空分布的数学表达式.本文简述了地磁场全球模型和区域模型的计算方法和应用;评述了冠谐分析方法及其在地磁学中的应用;介绍了地磁场模型误差的主要来源.     

浙东沿海海蚀地貌及其与断块差异运动的关系

本文阐述了浙江东部沿海海蚀地貌的分布特征,认为高位古海蚀地貌是浙江东部一种普遍存在的现象,这些海蚀地貌确系古海面遗迹,但它们今日之分布高度乃是长时期构造抬升作用的结果。同期海蚀地貌的分布高度不同,除在形成时受到各种因素制约外,断块间的差异升降运动也是其影响因素之一。     

Three-dimensional thermal structure of the Chinese continental crust and upper mantle

We invert S-wave velocities for the 3D upper-mantle temperatures, in which the position with a temperature crossing the 1300℃ adiabat is corresponding to the top of the seismic low velocity zone. The temperatures down to the depth of 80 km are then calculated by solving steady-state thermal conduction equation with the constraints of the inverted upper-mantle temperatures and the surface temperatures, and then surface heat flows are calculated from the crustal temperatures. The misfit between the calculated and observed surface heat flow is smaller than 20% for most regions. The result shows that, at a depth of 25 km, the crustal temperature of eastern China (500―600℃) is higher than that of western China (<500℃). At a depth of 100 km, temperatures beneath eastern and southeastern China are higher than the adiabatic temperature of 1300℃, while that beneath west China is lower. The Tarim craton and the Sichuan basin show generally low temperature. At a depth of 150 km, temperatures beneath south China, eastern Yangtze craton, North China craton and around the Qiangtang terrane are higher than the adiabatic temperature of 1300℃, but is the lowest beneath the Sichuan basin and the regions near the Indian-Eurasian collision zone. At a depth of 200 km, very low temperature occurs beneath the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south to the Tarim craton.     

计算震磁背景场的数学方法

如何计算地磁场 (或地磁剩余场 )及其长期变化的趋势变化 ,是提取震磁异常的关键。文章简要介绍了计算震磁背景场的数学方法 :多项式方法、球冠谐和分析方法、矩谐分析方法和曲面样条函数方法     

Rapid report of the 8 January 2022 ​MS 6.9 Menyuan earthquake,Qinghai, China

The M_S 6.9 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai Province, west China is the largest earthquake by far in 2022. The earthquake occurs in a tectonically active region, with a background b-value of 0.87 within 100 ?km of the epicenter that we derived from the unified catalog produced by China Earthquake Networks Center since late 2008. Field surveys have revealed surface ruptures extending 22 ?km along strike, with a maximum ground displacement of 2.1 ?m. We construct a finite fault model with constraints from InSAR observations, which showed multiple fault segments during the Menyuan earthquake. The major slip asperity is confined within 10 ?km at depth, with the maximum slip of 3.5 ?m. Near real-time back-projection results of coseismic radiation indicate a northwest propagating rupture that lasted for ～10 ?s. Intensity estimates from the back-projection results show up to a Mercalli scale of IX near the ruptured area, consistent with instrumental measurements and the observations from the field surveys. Aftershock locations (up to January 21, 2022) exhibit two segments, extending to ～20 ?km in depth. The largest one reaches M_S 5.3, locating near the eastern end of the aftershock zone. Although the location and the approximate magnitude of the mainshock had been indicated by previous studies based on paleoearthquake records and seismic gap, as well as estimated stressing rate on faults, significant surface-breaching rupture leads to severe damage of the high-speed railway system, which poses a challenge in accurately assessing earthquake hazards and risks, and thus demands further investigations of the rupture behaviors for crustal earthquakes.     

九星联珠对华北地区地震活动的影响

1.地区和资料的选取众所周知,太阳系有九大行星。当地球和其它行星运行到太阳同一侧,最外两颗行星与日心的连线夹角最小时,叫做九星联珠,我们简称为甲型联珠。另外还有一种类型的九星联珠,即地球独处太阳一侧,其余行星处太阳另一侧,最外两颗行星与地心的连线夹角最小。我们把这种类型的简称乙型联珠。两种类型的联珠,其准周期皆为178.7年(但其周期长短     

Distribution of the C37 tetra-unsaturated alkenone in Lake Qinghai, China: A potential lake salinity indicator

The alkenone unsaturation index U^K′₃₇ has been applied to reconstruct past temperature changes in both marine and lacustrine systems. However, few studies have addressed whether the relative abundance of the C_37:4 alkenone to the total C₃₇ production (%C_37:4) can reflect surface salinity changes in lacustrine systems. Here we present long-chain C₃₇ alkenone distribution patterns in surface sediments from Lake Qinghai, China. Surface sediments were sampled over a large range of surface salinity changes (1.7-25 g/l) within Lake Qinghai and its surrounding lakes, while temperature differences at these sampling locations should be relatively small. We have found that %C_37:4 varies from 15% to 49% as surface salinity decreases. We tentatively describe this %C_37:4-salinity link with a general linear regression: %C_37:4 = 53.4 (±7.8) − 1.73 (±0.45) × S (n = 28, r² = 0.62), although step-wise %C_37:4 changes in response to salinity variation may exist. U^K′₃₇ values vary between 0.10 and 0.16 at these sites and the inferred range of lake water temperature changes is ∼2-3 °C, suggesting that U^K′₃₇ largely reflects temperature signal across a large salinity range, consistent with previous findings that U^K′₃₇ can indicate temperature changes over a large diversity of environmental settings. We have also found that U^K′₃₇ values are correlated with salinity changes (r² = 0.4), and thus cannot exclude potential temperature effect on %C_37:4 and salinity effect on U^K′₃₇ in this study. However, even extreme estimates of temperature differences within the lake are still unable to explain the observed %C_37:4 changes. We therefore suggest that %C_37:4 could be used to infer past lake salinity changes at a regional scale.     

陕西勉略宁地区基性杂岩体中新发现镍钴矿化体

1 研究目的(Objective) 陕西勉略宁地区是秦岭造山带岩浆岩最为发育的地区之一,新元古代幔源岩浆活动强烈,分布众多洋盆演化过程中形成的镁铁—超镁铁质侵入岩,具有较好的镍钴成矿条件.然而,勉略宁地区自煎茶岭镍矿发现以来,针对镍钴找矿工作从未间断,但一直未见突破.近日,陕西省矿产地质调查中心针对勉略宁地区白雀寺基性...     

祁连山多年冻土区甲烷通量与甲烷微生物群落组成的关系

全球变暖可能导致多年冻土中的有机碳分解,向大气释放甲烷(CH4),但多年冻土的甲烷释放通量与微生物群落结构以及功能基因的丰度相关性还不清楚.于2019年6月～2020年1月,选择青藏高原北部祁连山多年冻土区,利用静态箱-气相色谱法对不同海拔地区进行CH4释放通量测定,并分析土壤理化性质、CH4功能微生物群落、功能微生物...