Preliminary investigation and dynamic analysis of a multiphase ice-rock avalanche on July 5, 2021, in the upper Naltar valley,Gilgit, Pakistan

Landslides - On July 5, 2021, a catastrophic rock avalanche hit an area in the upper Naltar valley, located in northwestern Gilgit, Pakistan. The 14 Mm3 rock mass flowed down the hillslope and...     

Generation and accumulation of Quaternary shallow gas in eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China

1INTRODUCTION SHALLOW(MOSTLYBIOGENIC)GASACCOUNTSFOROVER20%OFTHEWORLD’SDISCOVEREDGASRESERVES(RICEAND CLAYPOOL,1981;CLAYPOOLANDKAPLAN,1974),AND REPRESENTSONEOFTHEUNCONVENTIONALENERGYSOURCES THATINCREASINGLYATTRACTTHEATTENTIONOFPETROLEUMGEOL OGISTS.NUMEROUS…     

Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in the Western Kunlun Mountains: Evidence for Plate Tectonic Evolution

Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks occurring in the north of the western Kunlun Mountains can be divided into two groups. The first group (north belt) is an reversely-evolved bimodal series. Petrochemistry shows that the alkalinity of the rocks decreases from early to late: alkaline→calc-alkaline→tholeiite, and geochemistry proves that the volcanic rocks were formed in rifting tectonic systems. The sedimentary facies shows characteristics of back-arc basins. The second (south belt) group, which occurs to the south of Yutian-Minfeng-Cele, is composed of calc-alkaline island arc (basaltic) andesite and minor rhyolite. The space distribution, age and geochemistry of the two volcanite groups indicate that they were formed in a back-arc basin (the first group) and an island arc (the second group) respectively and indicate the plate evolution during the Mesoproterozoic. The orogeny took place at -1.05 Ga, which was coeval with the Grenville orogeny. This study has provided important geological data for explorin     

羌塘盆地中生界海相黑色泥页岩特征及页岩气远景区预测

青藏高原羌塘盆地中生界发育上三叠统肖茶卡组（T3x）、中侏罗统布曲组（J2b）和上侏罗统索瓦组（J3s）3套海相黑色泥页岩,形成于有机质比较丰富且易于保存的营养型还原性沉积环境,以台地相为主,其次为盆地相和三角洲相;厚度在41～474 m范围内,有机碳（TOC）含量平均值为0.25%～8.34%,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型干酪根,镜质体反射率（Ro）平均值为1.21%～3.0%,处于高-过成熟生气阶段,脆性矿物以石英、长石为主,含量为65%～70%,页岩孔隙度约2%。与美国主要盆地产气页岩各项指标相比较,羌塘盆地中生界海相黑色泥页岩具有厚度大、有机质丰度低、热演化熟度高、脆性矿物种类多、石英含量较低、长石和粘土矿物含量较高及孔隙度低的特征,具备了形成页岩气基本地质条件,是我国海相页岩气勘探的沉积盆地之一,综合评价预测的页岩气远景区以上三叠统肖茶卡组（T3x）分布范围大,其次是布曲组（J2b）和索瓦组（J3s）。     

鄂东南大冶矿区地质环境影响性评价

在我国,矿业城市的地质环境问题日趋严重,需要探索一套适合于区域矿山地质环境影响性评价的技术方法,以指导矿业城市或重点矿区的矿产资源开发和环境保护。以鄂东南大冶矿区(即大冶市)为例,以遥感调查数据为基础,建立了由地质环境背景、已有地质环境问题和矿山开采活动三方面组成的区域矿山地质环境影响性评价指标体系,采用传统的模糊综合评价方法,分别对自然状态下矿区的地质灾害易发性和采矿状态下的矿区地质环境影响性进行了定量评价。结果表明:(1)自然状态下,大冶矿区地质灾害高易发区、较高易发区、较低易发区及低易发区分别占评价总面积的3.29%、12.55%、24.53%及59.62%;(2)采矿状态下,大冶矿区地质环境影响性严重区、较严重区、一般、轻微区分别占评价总面积的13.63%、22.96%、33.95%及24.96%。评价结果可作为大冶矿区矿产开发规划和综合性地质环境治理的重要依据。     

2014 年新疆于田MS 7. 3 地震序列特征及早期趋势判断

介绍了2014年2月12日新疆于田MS7. 3 地震的基本参数、发震构造和地震序列特征,并与2008 年于田MS7. 3 地震序列特征进行对比分析。结果显示,2014 年于田MS7. 3 地震有MS5. 4 直接前震,序列强余震频次低、余震衰减较快,目前最大余震震级为MS5. 7; 通过分析历史地震序列类型、计算于田单台序列的h 值、b 值、主震释放的能量与序列能量的比值等参数,初步判断于田MS7. 3 地震序列为“前震—主震—余震型”。     

准噶尔盆地彩南地区下侏罗统沉积特征

根据岩心的精细描述,结合大量开发井的对比分析,研究了准噶尔盆地彩南地区侏罗系八道湾组上部和三工河组下部砂层组的沉积微相和骨架砂体的分布特点。认为研究区侏罗系八道湾组第3岩性段（BD₃）和三工河组第1岩性段（S₁）是一套网状河流相沉积。网状河流相可进一步划分为3种亚相（河道、堤岸和越岸湿地）和6种微相类型。主要的储集体是河道砂体和个别决口扇砂体。在平面上河道砂体呈狭窄、相互连接的条带状,砂体的宽度一般在1000m以下,大多为300～800m;决口扇砂体规模一般较小,在横剖面中呈凸透镜状,在平面上常常呈舌状或叶状分布。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of a catastrophic long-runout landslide in Zhenxiong,Yunnan, southwestern China

On 11 January 2013, a catastrophic landslide of ～0.2 million m³ due to a prolonged low-intensity rainfall occurred in Zhenxiong, Yunnan, southwestern China. This landslide destroyed the village of Zhaojiagou and killed 46 people in the distal part of its path. The displaced landslide material traveled a horizontal distance of ～800 m with a vertical drop of ～280 m and stopped at 1520 m a.s.l. To examine the possible mechanism and behavior of the landslide from initiation to runout, the shear behavior of soil samples collected from the sliding surface and runout path was examined by means of ring shear tests. The test results show that the shear strength of sample from the sliding surface is less affected by shear rate while the shear rate has a negative effect on the shear strength of runout path material. It is suggested that the source and runout path materials follow the frictional and Voellmy rheology, respectively. Post-failure behavior of the landslide was modeled by using a DAN-W model, and the numerical results show that the selected rheological relationships and parameters based on the results of ring shear tests may provide good performance in modeling the Zhenxiong landslide.     

弹塑性有限元模拟分析影响基坑位移的因素

分析影响基坑支护破坏因素对于防止基坑事故的发生,优化基坑支护设计有重要意义。本文用弹塑性有限元方法模拟基坑破坏过程,分析了影响基坑支护破坏的因素。分析结果表明,土体和桩墙的弹性模量都对基坑的位移有一定影响,但土体弹性模量的影响比桩墙弹性模量的影响更大。根据这些结果,推论出传统基坑设计方法与弹性地基梁法的不足之处。另外,分析结果还表明,基坑坑顶水平位移与土体弹性模量的关系无固定规律,而坑底最大位移与弹性模量呈非线性的关系。由此推论出基坑坑顶水平位移监测方法的不可靠性。      

Study on the geological conditions of metallogenesis of the Shazi large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong County,Guizhou Province

The Shazi large-scale anatase deposit in Qinglong County, Guizhou Province, has been discovered recently and now is under exploration. Investigations show that the orebodies mostly occur at the top of the karst unconformity of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation strata and at the bottom of the Emeishan basalt. And the following three prerequisites should be satisfied for the formation of the deposit： 1） there must be the material source of anatase; 2） there must be weekly alkaline media and low-tempeature and low-pressure conditions; 3） there was no high-temperature and high-pressure environment subsequently for the transformation of anatase into rutile. In the Emeishan basalt of western Guizhou, the element Ti mostly entered the silicon-oxygen tetrahedra of picrite in heterovalent isomorphism （Ti4＋＋Al3＋→Mg2＋＋Si4＋）. When volcanic ejecta resultant from strong eruption of the Emeishan basalt magma fell into water, picrite was usually dissociated to chlorite. Thus, the element Ti4＋ in the picrite could be released from the silicon-oxygen tetrahedraa of picrite into water, and conbined with oxygen in the water to form TiO2. This paper has proved that this deposit, enriched in anatase, discovered recently at Shazi, Qinglong Country, Guizhou Province, is a residual-deluvial-type deposit. Its genesis can be explained as follows. Volcanic clastics formed at the early stage of strong eruption of the Emeishan basalt magma were chemically deposited to form anatase in the low-temperature, low-pressure and weekly alkaline waters in the karst depressions at the top of the Maokou Formation （limestone） strata. The anatase was then dissociated owing to weathering and leaching during the Quaternary and the anatase was further enriched to form the residual-deluvial-type anatase ore deposit.