Copper in the main components of Western Transbaikalia landscapes

Copper content was analyzed in the parent rocks, soils, natural waters, and plants of the taiga and steppe terrains of Transbaikalia. The concentration of copper appeared to be low in the taiga terrains compared with the steppe ones. Extensive biogenic accumulation of copper was detected in the plants of steppe communities. It was shown that copper is selectively absorbed by different plant species from the same habitat and by a single species in different environment conditions.     

Solar-terrestrial storm of November 18–20, 2003. 1. Near-Earth disturbances in the solar wind

The structure, configuration, dynamics, and solar sources of the near-Earth MHD disturbance of the solar wind on November 20, 2003, is considered. The disturbances of October 24 and November 22 after flares from the same AR 10484 (10501) are compared. The velocity field in the leading part of the sporadic disturbance is for the first time studied in the coordinate system stationary relative to the bow shock. A possible scenario of the physical processes in the course of this solar-terrestrial storm is discussed in comparison with the previously developed scenario for the storm of July 15, 2000. It has been indicated that (1) the near-Earth disturbance was observed at the sector boundary (HCS) and in its vicinities and (2) the disturbance MHD structure included: the complicated bow shock, wide boundary layer with reconnecting fields at a transition from the shock to the magnetic cloud, magnetic cloud with a magnetic cavity including packed substance of an active filament, and return shock layer (supposedly). It has been found out that the shock front configuration and the velocity field are reproduced at an identical position of AR and HCS relative to the Earth on November 20 and 24. It has been indicated that the maximal magnetic induction in the cloud satisfied the condition B _m = (8πn ₁ m _p)^1/2(D ? NV₁), i.e., depended on the dynamic impact on the cloud during all three storms [Ivanov et al., 1974]. When the disturbance was related to solar sources, the attention has been paid to the parallelism of the axes of symmetry of the active filament, transient coronal hole, coronal mass ejection, zero line of the open coronal field (HCS), and the axis of the near-Earth magnetic cloud: the regularity previously established in the scenario of the storm of July 15, 2000 [Ivanov et al., 2005]. It has been indicated that the extremely large B _m value in the cloud of October 20 was caused by a strong suppression of the series of postflare shocks reflected from the heliospheric streamer.     

Geoelectric structure of the lithosphere of the Northern Urals

A geoelectric structure of the lithosphere is constructed to a depth of 300 km on the basis of experimental electromagnetic studies along the geotraverse crossing all of the major first-order structural zones in the Northern Urals. Important constraints on the crust and upper mantle layering are obtained from electric parameters at various depth levels. Together with the compositions of rocks, including the crust of weathering, structural-tectonic relations between geological objects (complexes and faults) identified at the Earth’s surface and characteristics of the deep geoelectric structure are established in upper parts of the section.     

Use of groundwater of the Upper Permian deposits for drinking water supply of the Chuvash Republic

The possibility and expediency of the use of groundwater from the Upper Permian aquifers of the right-bank area of the Volga River as an alternative to the Cheboksary aquifer are shown on the basis of multipurpose studies using uranium-isotope and microelement hydrogeochemical methods. Currently, the Cheboksary aquifer is under exploration in Quaternary deposits of the left-bank area and is meant for centralized environmentally most safe supply of drinking water to the population of the towns of Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk.     

Solar-terrestrial storms of October 2003. 2. Five-phase dynamics of the substorm of October 28–30

The assumption that a solar-heliospheric storm has five phases is formulated based on the storm that occurred in October 2003. The first phase: slow (between solar rotations) convergent motions of photospheric sources of large-scale open solar fields (LOFs) with generation of active regions (ARs) between these fields. The second phase: magnetic energy pumping with adjustment of zero lines of the photospheric magnetic field in AR to the configuration of the LOF sector (subsector) boundaries. The third phase: AR destabilization with ordering of the complex of sporadic phenomena near ARs parallel to the zero line and fragments of the nearest LOF boundary. The fourth phase: propagation of disturbances in the near-Sun space with ordering relative to the LOF boundaries. The fifth phase: propagation of a coronal mass ejection (CME) in the inner heliosphere in the case when the axial axis of a magnetic cloud in CME is parallel to the LOF boundary and to the zero line in AR. Original results of LOF modeling and a number of substantial results of the known advanced studies of individual aspects of this storm are used to justify this dynamics as applied to the storm of October 28–30. Specific contents and features of each storm phases are presented. The specific feature of the first phase, responsible for the storm space-time scales and intensity, consisted in the displacement of the entire LOF negative magnetic flux (～5 × 10²² μs) from the north pole to the south with flowing around a midlatitude obstacle and with zonal convergent motions of LOF. The assumption of the AR configuration adjustment (the second phase) and ordering of disturbances (the third–five phases) during this storm near the subsector boundary between LOFs of identical polarity has been confirmed. It is noted that the pulse phase of the AR 0486 flare, coronal waves, and dimmings along the subsector boundary and the southwestern LOF “dam” joining ARs 0486 and 0484 (superposition of the third and fourth phases) originated almost simultaneously. The two-component disturbance structure is confirmed: halo-type CME with the axis along the LOF subsector boundary and a bright local ejection of magnetic plasma from the region above the southwestern LOF dam.     

Configuration,structure, and dynamics of magnetic clouds from solar flares in light of measurements on board Vega 1 and Vega 2 in January–February 1986

Simple models of flare-generated magnetic clouds are considered in the light of magnetic measurements on board Vega 1 and Vega 2 during the solar-interplanetary events in January–February 1986. The models are in approximate accordance with the experimental data if the following conditions are satisfied: (1)the clouds are force-free finite aspect ratio toroids; (2) the large radius of each cloud is parallel to the magnetic axis of the nearest bipolar group; (3) the magnetic buoyancy, gravity, and hydrodynamical deceleration are taken into consideration.     

On the polarization of the emission of X-ray solar flares

X-ray polarization measurements at three flares occurred in October 1969 were performed by means of a Thomson scattering type instrument installed on board the satellite Intercosmos-1. The polarization (P) at the wavelength of about 0,8 Å was detected at the rising phase and at the second maximum of intensity. The obtained averaged value of P for all three flares is 0.4 ± 0.2 at confidence level 0.9.