索尔库里盆地中-上新世地层特征及其环境意义

对青藏高原东北部索尔库里盆地的索尔库里达板及茫崖剖面进行了地层学研究，分析了地层的沉积序列，总结了其砂质中粒角砾岩-含砾砂岩-泥质粉砂岩的地层结构韵律性特征，地层剖面中有两个完整的韵律组合，其上被一厚达66m的巨砾岩覆盖，结合所产化石，其时代为中-上新世，粒度的截然变化反映了物源区与沉积区高差的变化，沉积序列的结构特征反映了其沉积的古地理环境发生了4次明显的变化，推测物源区的青藏高原北部发生了多期隆升事件，分析认为中新世较早时期已有一定程度的降升，经过较长时间的风化剥蚀，于中新世晚期发生了一次较为强烈的隆升，而最后造成现今宏伟的地貌特征和隆升事件发生了上新世后期。     

有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应

于１９９１年４月－１９９２年１月，分别用不同浓度的三苯基氯化锡和三丁基氯化锡培养扁藻和金藻，测定２４，４８和７２ｈ两种藻的净光合速率和生长速率。结果表明，ＴＢＴＣ对两种藻的毒性大于ＴＰＴＣ；ＴＰＴＣ和ＴＢＴＣ在浓度为０．２μｇ／Ｌ时，对两种藻的光合作用有轻微影响；浓度大于０．４μｇ／Ｌ，两种藻的光合作用不同程序地受到抑制。扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻：扁藻用两种锡处理后，第一天受害最严重，第二天和     

Seasonal variation of residual current in Tokyo Bay,Japan —diagnostic numerical experiments—

The residual currents in Tokyo Bay during four seasons are calculated diagnostically from the observed water temperature, salinity and wind data collected by Unokiet al. (1980). The calculated residual currents, verified by the observed ones, show an obvious seasonal variable character. During spring, a clear anticlockwise circulation develops in the head region of the bay and a strong southwestward current flows in the upper layer along the eastern coast from the central part to the mouth of the bay. During summer, the anticlockwise circulation in the head region is maintained but the southwestward current along the eastern coast becomes weak. During autumn, the preceding anticlockwise circulation disappears but a clockwise circulation develops in the central part of the bay. During winter, the calculated residual current is similar to that during autumn. As a conclusion, the seasonal variation of residual current in Tokyo Bay can be attributed to the variation of the strength of two eddies. The first one is the anticlockwise circulation in the head region of the bay, which develops in spring and summer and disappears in autumn and winter. The second one is the clockwise circulation in the central part of the bay, which develops in autumn and winter, decreases in spring and nearly disappears in summer.     

全球文化转变的理论背景与方法论框架——兼论中国文化的跨国实践

当今世界正在经历百年未有之变局,全球文化的格局也在经历二战以来最深刻的转变。本文包含三个目的：首先,本文勾勒了全球文化转变的脉络和轮廓。文章首先回顾了有关文化全球化的理论,指出这是经济全球化的一个重要结果。同时,本文指出以资本主义现代性、个人主义和消费主义为基本前提和假设的文化全球化在21世纪、尤其是911事件以来受到了强烈的挑战。其次,本文基于行动者网络理论提出一个文化跨地方实践的“转译”模型,试图将微观尺度的文化实践与宏观尺度的地缘政治关系和过程,以及中观尺度的区域背景结合起来进行整体性考察。最后,本文结合孔子学院和李子柒网络文化实践等案例,对本文提出的理论语境和方法论工具的有效性和适用性进行证明,并对中国跨国文化实践的挑战和机遇进行了简要的述评和分析。     

Carbon Emission Evaluation in Jinan Western New District based on Multi-source Data Fusion

Carbon emissions caused by human activities are closely related to the process of urbanization, and urban land utilization, function vitality and traffic systems are three important factors that may influence the emission levels. For clarifying the space structure of a low-carbon eco-city, and combining the concept of “Combining Assessment with Construction” to track and contrast the construction of the low-carbon eco-city, this research selects quantifiable low-carbon eco-city spatial characteristics as indicators, and evaluates and analyzes the potential carbon emissions. Taking the Jinan Western New District as an example, diversity of construction land, travel carbon emission potential, and density and accessibility of adjacent road networks in the overall urban planning were measured. After the completion of the new urban area, the evaluation mainly reflected certain factors, such as the mixed degree of urban functions, the density of urban functions, the walking distance to bus stops and the density and number of bus stops. Dividing the levels and adding equal weights after index normalization, the carbon emission potential is evaluated at the two levels of the overall and fragmented areas. The results show that: (1) The low-carbon emission potential areas in the planning scheme basically reached the planned goals. (2) There is inconsistency between districts and indicators in the planning scheme. The diversity of construction land and the accessibility of the adjacent road network are relatively small; however, there is a large difference between the travel carbon emission potential and the road network accessibility. (3) Carbon emission potential after completion did not reach the planned expectation, and the low-carbon emission potential plots were concentrated in the Changqing Old City Area and Central Area of Dangjia Town Area. (4) The carbon emission indicators varied greatly in different areas, and there were serious imbalances in the density of public transportation lines and the mixed degree of urban functions.     

社会资本的地理学研究进展

随着社会资本在促进民主、发展经济、健康身体、解决贫困等方面的作用逐渐被人们认知,社会资本吸引了众多学科的关注,地理学者也意识到社会资本对地理现象的解释作用,并结合具体问题开展了一些实证性研究,但由于在地理学中引入社会资本的研究历史较短,国内迄今尚缺乏系统性的梳理和研究架构的探讨。本文在研读近年来国内外相关文献的基础上,对基于空间尺度、地域性差异的社会资本研究,以及社会资本在经济地理、城市社会地理、健康地理等领域的研究进行梳理和总结,并从社会资本的地理学研究思路与框架、测量指标、以及研究领域的拓展等方面进行了展望,以期促进社会资本在地理学领域研究的深入展开,丰富社会资本的理论与实践。     

非饱和带有限分析数值模拟的误差分析

由于描述包气带水分运移的Richard方程具有高度非线性,常用数值方法求解。有限分析法可以较好地保持原有问题的物理特性,近年来被广泛应用于环境及农业工程领域。基于不同的原理,目前有两种有限分析法模拟非饱和带水分运移问题,即基于局部线性化有限分析法和基于Kirchhoff变换有限分析法。为探讨两者在求解非饱和带水分运移问题时数值表现的差异性,采用已有解析解对两种方法进行初步验证;使用两个数值实验比较两种方法的计算精度;应用实测数据验证Kirchhoff变换有限分析法。相比于局部线性化有限分析法,Kirchhoff变换有限分析法能够更好地控制误差及获得更高精度的数值解。该研究对于完善非饱和带水分运移有限分析数值模拟的理论与方法有重要意义。     

湖南省主要金属矿产的时空分布规律

湖南地处扬子与华夏陆块结合部,构造、岩浆活动强烈,矿产资源丰富,有着“金属矿产之乡”的美誉。除铬、镁、铂族元素、锶等少数几种矿产没有查明的资源储量外,其他金属矿产均有发现和查明的资源储量,钨、锡、锑、铋、锰等更是位居全国前列,“世界金属博物馆”柿竹园,“世界锑都”锡矿山等一批矿床名闻遐迩,引无数矿床学者“竞折腰”。     

氯氧镁水泥混凝土路面力学性能研究

氯氧镁水泥混凝土是用氯氧镁水泥作为胶凝材料,砂、石作集料,再加入一定比例改性剂,经搅拌而得的混凝土。利用镁水泥混凝土修筑示范路面,通过回弹仪、X-Ray衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测路面的抗压强度、相组成和微观结构进行其力学性能研究。结果表明,修筑示范路面早期抗压强度增加很快,3 d就能通车,后期基本保持稳定。修筑路面的主要相组成为5·1·8相,不随路面使用时间的延长而变化,且其具有针状结构。     

42 ka BP气候事件在中国的降雨表现及其全球联系

利用最近几年公开发表的有确切年代控制的全新世高分辨率古气候记录如湖泊、泥炭、石笋等来研究42 ka BP气候事件在中国不同地区的降雨表现,发现42 ka BP左右中国南北方降水普遍减少。同时期热带非洲、南欧、中东、印度、韩国、北美洲中部大陆的高分辨率古气候记录一致表明,42 ka BP气候事件造成了整个北半球中低纬度地区的干旱。文章讨论了这次气候事件的可能驱动机制,认为太阳辐射变化导致的赤道辐合带南移和大洋海表温度的变化再加上地表植被的反馈作用可能是造成这次干旱事件的主要原因。最后对42 ka BP气候事件需要进一步加强研究的内容进行了展望。