天水地电阻率地表与井下多种观测方式的试验分析

2011年初天水地震台建成井下地电阻率观测专项项目,将地电水平观测推向了立体观测,其观测方式包括地表水平观测井下百米水平观测、地表与井下互换观测等.通过近两年的持续观测,地表A、B供电并下M、N观测以及并下水平观测两种方法获得的数据相对稳定、可靠;同时地表A、B供电井下M、N观测有助于数据变化的可靠性分析.在电磁环境较复杂的观测场地,地表A、B供电并下M、N观测和井下水平观测可能是地电阻率观测较为有效的两种方法.     

阴山山系与鄂尔多斯盆地北部的重力场与深部构造

阴山山系与鄂尔多斯盆地跨越不同的构造单元,是典型的盆、山耦合地带,且是构造活动强、弱的变异地域,了解该区地壳深部结构对与理解和认识盆山耦合地区的深部要素和深层动力学过程具有重要意义.本文基于最新采集的高精度重力探测数据,通过重力正、反演拟合求得了延川-包头-满都拉剖面辖区的地壳密度结构,并结合已有的面积性区域重力探测数据反演了该区的Moho界面分布特征.在此基础上系统地讨论了该区的深部地壳密度结构特征,为进一步深化认识该区的深部构造及其动力学过程提供了重力学方面的重要信息.     

地应力与岩石弹性模量关系试验研究

在北京某深孔原岩应力测量和原岩应力测量段同等深度单轴及不同围压下的三轴岩石力学试验的基础上,结合统计的钻孔岩体结构参数,分析了原岩应力测量段深度处修正前、后的岩石弹性模量,进而探讨了地应力与岩石弹性模量间关系。结果表明,在花岗岩中,主应力大小与修正前、后的岩石弹性模量间均呈正相关关系,而在灰岩中,主应力大小与修正前、后岩石弹性模量间的关系不明确,需要进一步研究;在花岗岩中,主应力大小与修正后的岩石弹性模量间的相关性系数高于主应力大小与修正前的岩石弹性模量间的相关性系数;各向同性高的岩体（如花岗岩）,实测地应力大小与岩石力学试验结果相关性好,而各向异性大的岩体（如沉积岩）,实测地应力大小与岩石力学试验结果相关性较差     

1980s-2005年内蒙古地区生态系统服务功能价值的时空变化分析

近几十年,内蒙古地区实施了诸多生态修复与保育工程。为了评估这些工程的实施成效,本文以土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)为切入点,借助价值存量、价值增量、价值空间强度等参量,在全区和盟市尺度上,估算并分析了内蒙古地区陆地生态系统服务功能价值变化的时空特征及驱动因素。研究结果表明：(1)2000年以来,全区价值存量小幅度增加了0.24%,但价值增量的减少速度加快了32.9%,且中东部的变化大于西部;(2)在经济发展和人口增长的双重压力下,中东部平原耕作区、森林保育区深受国家宏观政策的影响,2000年后生态系统服务功能价值存量分别增加了4.52%、4.23%,价值增量分别增加了5.91亿元、8.88亿元;中西部山区草原荒漠化治理区受制于降水不显著的波动减少态势,2000年后生态系统服务功能价值存量增加了3.51%,但价值增量减少了4.22亿元;(3)2000年以来,中东部地区人类活动正向胁迫的影响力,由前期的45.8%增强到后期的76%,但中西部地区仍然面临着艰巨的生态治理压力。研究结果为科学合理划分生态功能区、规划实施生态修复与保育工程、建立生态补偿机制提供了参照。     

坚持专业特色 创一流品牌期刊

将《地震学刊》更名为《防灾减灾工程学报》10余年的历程进行了分析,阐述了《学报》采取诸多举措,从一个濒危的省级地方刊物成长为国内外认可的优秀核心期刊。其影响力不断扩大,学术水平不断提高,成为业内科研人员学术交流的前沿阵地。     

山东灵山岛青山群硅质岩的地球化学特征及地质意义

山东东部灵山岛地区发育一套火山碎屑岩、硅质岩、火山碎屑岩夹火山弹的特殊沉积层,为查明这套地层中硅质岩的形成原因及其大地构造背景,对硅质岩进行岩相学和地球化学分析。结果表明,研究区SiO2平均含量为70. 08%,Fe/Ti、(Fe+Mn)/Ti、δEu、Ba/Sr、Ni/Co及地球化学示踪投影指示其为热水成因;Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Al2O3/(Al2O3+Fe2O3)、MnO/TiO2、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Th/Sc、U/Th、δCe、(La/Ce)N表明其形成于大陆边缘环境;K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/TiO2、SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/MgO、Ni/Co值暗示其形成与火山作用有关。研究区硅质岩应为热水成因,且形成过程中受到陆源物质和火山作用的双重影响,形成于大陆边缘裂谷沉积环境。     

综合物流时代的到来与港口功能的演变

综合物流是现代社会对运输发展的客观要求，它要求实现运输的全球化、信息化、高效化和门对门，综合物流因此也改变了传统的运输组织体系。港口作为综合物流时代连接海向腹地和陆向腹地的重要节点，在整个物流体系中有着非常重要的地位，而综合物流也加快了港口功能的演变，现代港口已经成为国际物流体系的一个重要的节点。最后论述了如何加快我国物流体系及集装箱港口的建设。     

Magnetic properties of the Tertiary red clay from Gansu Province, China and its paleoclimatic significance

The study on magnetic properties of the red clay indicates that the red clay and loess- paleosol sequence have a common magnetic mineralogy, with magnetite, maghemite, hematite (and possibly goethite) contributing to the magnetic behavior. The red clay magnetic susceptibility is also found to have a positive relation with extrafine superparamagnetic grains. This suggests that, like the Quaternary loess-paleosols, an ultrafine ferrimagnetic component produced during pe-dogenesis in the red clay under humid conditions also plays an important role in susceptibility enhancement in the soil units. This is supported by the correlation between Rb/Sr ratio and magnetic susceptibility. This signifies that, like the above loess-paleosol sequence, the magnetic susceptibility of the red clay can be used as a general proxy paleoclimatic indicator, although whether its susceptibility in the red clay is comparable to pedogenesis intensity and requires further investigation. Magnetic susceptibility variation in the red clay thus also provides an eo-lian/pedogenic record of paleoclimatic evolution. Study of the background susceptibility indicates that, on average, the absolute scale of the paleoclimatic shift from red clay development to Quaternary loess deposition is similar to the climatic shift from stage 5 (S1) to stage 2-4 (L1). This may suggest that during the Quaternary there is an evident strengthening of the absolute wind intensity to bring more (about double) coarser and less weathered (non-SP fraction) eolian magnetic input from the source regions to the Loess Plateau than during the Pliocene. The presence of eolian red clay since 7.5 Ma BP in central-northern China implies an important envi-ronmental change from the underlying Cretaceous red sandstone. The red clay development was closely related to global drying and climate cooling since the Cretaceous and closely associated with the abrupt uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau at about that time. This uplift of the plateau intensified the East Asia monsoon system and started red clay deposition.     

全球石油系统概貌

在石油地质学中 ,罕见全球石油系统的论述。最早有翁文波阐述了全球石油体系 ,我们在其中注入了陆核和大陆增生的概念 ,引进中新生代以来全球板块演化的资料 ,特别应用了现今全球构造体系的最新成果 ,把全球石油系统概括地看成横向 4个带和纵向 6个带交织的格局 :横向 :北方大陆北带、北方大陆南带、北 /南方大陆中间带和南方大陆带 ;纵向 :则根据大陆中轴构造带把北方大陆分成A ,B ,C ,D ,E ,F 6个带 ;而中间带和南方带则与北方带基本对应。     

Carbon assimilation characteristics of plants in oasis-desert ecotone and their response to CO2 enrichment

Six species of more than 20-year-old desert woody plants in the oasis-desert ecotone were selected for study. The results showed that: (1) in different growing seasons δ13 C values of assimilating organ varied between -14‰ and -16‰ for Haloxylon ammodendron (HA),-14‰ - -15‰ for Calligonum mongolicum (CM) and -25‰ - -28‰ for Caragana korshinskii (CK), Nitraria sphaerocarpa (NS) and Hedysarum scoparium (HS). (2) The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of HA and CM was significantly higher than those of the other species. With the decrease in Pn for the six species, their intercellular CO2 concentration increased, but stomatal limitation value decreased under the intensive light. At the same time, the photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ dropped to different degrees. (3) The CO2 enrichment experiment demonstrated that, Pn of HA and CM increased to different extent under 450 μmol/mol, but their Pn reduced or approximated to the current condition under 650 μmol/mol. Under 450 μmol/mol the efficiency for solar energy utilization of CK and HS significantly reduced and under 650 μmol/mol their respiration rate exceeded photosynthesis rate. It can be concluded that HA and CM have some function of pathway for C4, but the other three species have the function for C3. The decline in their Pn is mainly caused by non-stomatal factors. HA, CM, CK and HS exhibited photoinhibition, which disappeared in a short time. This is a kind of positive readjustment to adapting to the desert environment. HA and CM can adapt to the high CO2 environment, but CKand HS cannot. With the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate warming, the latter two species in the oasis-desert ecotone may be gradually degraded or even disappear.