The frequency of wide binaries among the southern barium stars

Summary All of the barium and marginal barium stars in the 1972 MacConnell, Frey, and Upgren (1972: MFU) list of such objects which are located south of the celestial equator were examined for visual duplicity. Over 200 objects were observed, and a total of six possible candidates for wide pair visual binaries were found. Of these, four are most likely optical in nature. These data suggest that the incidence of wide binaries among barium stars is of the order of 1%.     

Electromagnetic studies in the central Arctic water basin

The results of the electromagnetic studies, obtained on the North Pole drifting stations, are reviewed. These results are still of current interest. The aspects of similar future works are discussed.     

Surface water quality evaluation in Odukpani, Calabar Flank, south-eastern Nigeria

 The present article is the second in a series of baseline water quality evaluation studies in parts of south-eastern Nigeria. Study results indicate that the water samples from the study are generally acidic, soft and fresh in addition to low sodium and salinity hazard. Regression equations indicate a good positive correlation between conductivity and Na, Ca, Mg and SO₄. Ca-SO₄ and Ca-Cl constitute the major facies in the area. Generally the waters in the area are good for most domestic and agricultural purposes. Received: 14 April 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998     

Modeling the dynamics of a high specific energy plasma bulge in the upper atmosphere: 1. Physics of the processes and numerical simulation of the early stage of plasma bulge expansion and interaction with the ionosphere and geomagnetic field: A review

The physicomathematical features of the plasma explosion region dynamics at altitudes higher than 100 km at the early stage of its development, which culminates in the transfer of a considerable portion of the initial plasma energy into the environment, are discussed in the first part of the work. The radiation gas dynamic, inertial, and shock stages of the disturbed region development are calculated.     

Human-induced Changes in the Groundwater Chemical Composition within an Oil Field Area

The effect of highly saline oil-field water on soils and potable groundwater is considered. Three phases of the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater quality affected by transborder pollution and field development that has deteriorated potable groundwater in the two topmost aquifers are identified.     

RHESSI Microflares: II. Implications for Loop Structure and Evolution

We present simple analytic models which predict the peak X-ray emission measure and temperature attained in flares in which the chromospheric evaporation process takes place either in a single ‘monolithic’ loop or in a loop consisting of several filaments that are created successively as the energy release process proceeds in time. As possible mechanisms driving chromospheric evaporation we consider both classical heat conduction from the loop top and non-thermal electron beams. The model predictions are tested for a set of 18 well studied RHESSI microflares. The results suggest beam driven evaporation in filamented loops as being capable of accounting for the observed emission measures and temperatures though there are issues with the very high beam densities needed. On the other hand, estimates of the emission measures achieved by conductive evaporation which are derived by using the Rosner – Tucker – Vaiana (RTV) scaling law are much larger than the observed ones. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.     

From Celsius to Chaos to Cyclones: Using Temperature-Conversion Equations to Introduce Advanced Mathematical Concepts in Earth Science Courses

The Fahrenheit-to-Celsius temperature-conversion equation is a basic component of many introductory earth science courses. Despite its simplicity, it presents a challenge to students and instructors alike because residents of the United States are unfamiliar with the Celsius scale. By solving for the point at which these two temperature scales are equal, it is possible to use the equations for temperature conversion as a springboard to more advanced topics. It is demonstrated that temperature-conversion equations and chaotic equations can be solved using identical numerical and graphical techniques. As a result, the fundamental concepts of chaos theory and numerical methods can be introduced to students in the context of the simplest equations in the earth sciences. These solution methods are applied to the quantitative theory of the extratropical cyclone as an example of the utility and broad scope of this educational approach.