自动计算热带气旋位置和范围的方法研究

本文以卫星云图的热带气旋云系为研究对象,基于Canny边缘检测、contour轮廓提取等方法,研究了通过图像的形状特征和范围大小对热带气旋云系进行自动识别,得到了较好的效果。这种方法有助于提高热带气旋云系识别的自动化程度,实现热带气旋的自动跟踪,从而为热带气旋的预报提供了便利。     

基于卫星遥感数据的全球表层流场反演重构

利用2000~2008年的卫星高度计资料和QuikSCAT风场资料,反演了全球的海表的地转流和Ekman流,将两者合成后生成了0．5°×0．5°的逐周全球表层流产品。在计算Ekman流的时候,引入了权重函数,改进了Lagerloef方法中Ekman流在25°S和25°N上的不连续问题。分析表明：卫星资料反演的流产品能够反映出海表流场的特征,将其分别于TAO观测和SGUD流产品进行定量化的比较显示,所得流产品具有较高的反演精度和可信度,说明改进的方法是有效的。     

东南极普里兹湾NP93－2柱样古地磁结果

（王保贵）（候红明）（汤贤赞）（袁友仁）ＰａｌｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆＣｏｒｅＮＰ９３－２ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，ＥａｓｔｅｒｎＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＷａｎｇＢａｏｇｕｉ；ＨｏｕＨｏｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＴａｎｇＸｉａｎｚａｎａｎｄＹｕ...     

种子预处理对唐古特白刺出苗和幼苗生长的影响

 采用不同方法对唐古特白刺种子预处理,以不处理为对照,再行60 ℃浸种24 h后育苗,通过测定出苗动态和生长指标,探寻促进白刺种子出苗和幼苗生长的技术途径。结果表明,唐古特白刺种子出苗率变化动态均呈“S”型曲线,符合Logistic曲线方程,出苗质量随种子处理不同而异,出苗期为38～55 d,极限出苗率为30.2%～57.8%。沙搓和沙碾均可显著提高白刺种子出苗质量,为培育壮苗奠定良好基础,出苗率较对照分别提高15.6%和13.4%,出苗势分别提高60.1%和6.9%,出苗指数分别提高35.2%和13.2%,活力指数分别提高41.5%和23.3%。尤其沙搓种子出苗集中,较对照缩短5 d。而掐尖、20%醋酸和5%碱水浸泡均抑制发芽。将种子与沙子混合后手搓和棍碾压均可破坏白刺种子坚硬致密的内果皮结构,破除休眠,促进出苗和幼苗生长,但需注意的是沙碾操作不当会造成种子内部结构被破坏。     

Similarity quantification of soil parametric data and sites using confidence ellipses

This paper presents a confidence ellipse-based method to evaluate the similarity of soil parametric data using the database from the site investigation reports.Then,the obtained similarity assessment results of parametric data are used to further estimate the site similarity via two proposed strategies,namely the mean and weighted mean approaches.The former referred to the average of parametric data similarity degrees,while the latter was the weighted average,and the weight was calculated using the coefficient of variation(COV)of each parameter.For illustration,the liquidity index(LI)dataset was firstly used to explore the performance of the presented method in the evaluation of parametric data similarity.Subsequently,the site similarity was assessed and the effects of numbers and weights of selected parameters for study were systematically studied.Lastly,the transformation models about the relationships between Cc and x as well as between Cc and e0 were constructed to illustrate the application of the similarity analysis in reduction of transformation uncertainty.Results show that the greatest site similarity degree is at about 0.76 in this study,and the maximum decrease of transformation uncertainty can reach up to 18%and 25.5%as union parametric data similarity degree increases.Moreover,the site similarity degree represents the whole similarity between two different sites,and the presented union parameter similarity degree maintains a good agreement with transformation uncertainty.     

吉林延边地区土壤钙元素生态地球化学

在吉林延边地区系统的野外调查和土壤及苹果梨果实样品采集、测试的基础上,采用统计对比及相关分析方法研究了土壤钙元素全量、交换性钙及果实钙含量的空间差异,以及土壤-果实系统中钙元素的转化吸收特征及其对果实品质的影响,目的在于揭示钙元素的迁移转化规律及其生态效应,为土地利用服务。结果表明：延边地区土壤中钙全量总体上缺乏,不同研究区土壤-果实钙元素转化吸收差别明显;果实中钙元素含量趋于一致,其吸收系数在可变范围内与土壤交换性钙含量呈极显著负相关;土壤交换性钙含量与pH值呈极显著正相关,与果品品质的4项指标(总糖、总酸、可溶性固形物和维生素C）具有显著相关性,其含量丰富有利于果品品质的提高。     

Environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in mid-eastern provinces and cities of China

The studies on environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations are helpful to design and implement environmental protection countermeasures.In order to eliminate the adverse effects of insufficient observation values on the accuracy of regression results and dynamic information quantity of fitting equation during empirical study,panel data of the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China from 1985 to 2007 were selected based on the adjustment of classical regression model in this paper.Panel unit root test and panel cointegration analysis method were applied to investigating the environmental effects of foreign trade and its spatial variations in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China and its three groups divided by foreign trade dependence.The results show that all scale effects are positive,while all technical effects are negative and unable to counteract positive scale effects.Foreign trade development is regarded as an important cause for outstanding eco-environmental problems in the mid-eastern provinces and cities of China.Total effects and structural effects are significantly different among different groups because of spatial variations in environmental policies,export destinations,source of FDI,etc.Following the principle of′coordinating generality and considering differences comprehensively′,it is essential to issue a series of policies and countermeasures corresponding to differences in regional environmental effect of foreign trade,in order to coordinate the relationship between foreign trade development and eco-environment in each region.     

黑潮及相邻海域表层砂壳纤毛虫分布模式:以夏季黄海、东海至西太平洋断面为例

2019年夏季对沿黄、东海至西太平洋跨越黑潮一个断面(122°E～145°E)的表层砂壳纤毛虫群落进行调查,研究了黑潮中砂壳纤毛虫与相邻水体的差异.根据水文环境及各站位所处的空间位置,我们将研究区域划分为大洋边缘区域、黑潮区域和大洋区域.各站位砂壳纤毛虫的丰度范围为3.95～31.94 ind·L–1,种丰富度范围为6...     

城市综合与专业地下管线空间数据的差异性分析

从管线数据来源及数据精度、数据模型、信息分类、数据语义等几个方面,本文对城市综合与专业两类地下管线空间数据进行了深入的差异分析,提出了差异形成的原因及消除差异的初步对策,以期对城市管线空间数据资源的集成、融合、共享、交换等技术提供支撑,并推动地下管线信息化统一标准的制订。     

基于WRF模式数据和CASA模型的青海湖流域草地NPP估算研究

植被净初级生产力(NPP)是研究陆地碳循环过程的核心内容, 而高海拔区域由于气象观测数据的缺乏造成模型对其估算的不准确.在WRF模式气象数据和SPOT-VEGETATION遥感影像的基础上, 利用CASA模型对青海湖流域2000-2010年的草地NPP进行了估算, 经过实地样方数据和其他模型数据的验证后, 分析了青海湖流域近11 a来草地NPP的空间分布格局和时间变化特征.结果表明: 1)在气象观测资料缺乏的青海湖流域, WRF模式的气象数据能较好地应用到模型中, CASA模型对该区域草地NPP的模拟精度较高; 2)2000-2010年青海湖流域草地年均NPP为2.71×10¹²gC·a^-1, 单位面积草地NPP为145.71 gC·m^-2·a^-1; 空间分布上呈现出由东南向西北随着海拔升高逐渐下降的格局, 在海拔3 200~3 500 m的区域草地单位面积的NPP达到最大; 3)2000-2010年青海湖流域草地NPP年际变化明显, 近11 a呈现出明显的增加趋势, 增加区域主要分布在环湖地区; 年内季节变化显著, 夏季NPP占到全年的57.36%; 4)对NPP和气象站点太阳辐射、 气温、 降水数据进行相关性分析, 发现影响青海湖流域草地NPP变化的主要驱动力是气温.