深埋特长雪峰山公路隧道工程地质勘察技术研究

雪峰山隧道为深埋特长隧道。在该隧道的勘察过程中运用了大量高新技术,并开展了科研工作,对隧道围岩特性、地质构造、地应力场及岩爆、涌水量、围岩稳定性等与隧道设计、施工密切相关的问题均作出了准确的判断和预测。本文论述了一些新的勘察技术及科研成果,这些勘探与评价技术对其它深埋特长隧道有较好的借鉴作用。     

综合电法在新疆哈西金矿区寻找隐伏矿的应用

EH4电磁测深和高密度电法测量均为近年来发展起来的地球物理手段.EH4电磁测深是基于电磁原理的地球物理手段,探测深度大(可达1000m),可用于确定矿化系统深部的宏观构造格架和产状变化;高密度电法集电剖面和电测深于一体,对地质结构解析度高,且同时能够进行激发极化法测量,探明地下金属硫化物富集情况.这两种方法在新疆哈西金矿区综合运用,在寻找覆盖层下的隐伏矿方面取得了良好的效果.     

用支持向量机方法预报舟山沿海突发性冷空气大风

本文用舟山市1994～2003年的测风站资料统计了突发性冷空气大风的发生规律,是以中路冷空气为主,主要发生在11月到3月。通过t统计分析,认为与冷空气大风关系密切的物理量主要有各层风速、低层的温度梯度、地面的气压梯度等,因此主要从这些物理量中选取预报因子。用SVM方法建立预报模型,结果证明SVM方法确实适合小样本建模,有较好的推广能力。     

绿泥间蜡石及其寄主表观单晶的自组织成因机理

根据绿泥间蜡石及其主晶的层堆垛结构特征和非平衡态热力学理论,建立了非平衡条件下,此类晶体自组织成因的非线性动力学模型──“沈括规”．其数值模拟结果已成功地解释了表观单晶中两个层次的自组织有序现象．因此,研究客体被证实为成分间于锂绿泥石与叶蜡石的过饱和硅酸盐溶液在非平衡条件下的结晶物．     

Seasonal variation and meteorological control of CO2 flux in a hilly plantation in the mountain areas of North China

The carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems is an important scientific issue in global climate change research.Plantation forest plays an important role in terrestrial carbon budget in China.In this study,eddy covariance flux data measured at Xiaolangdi forest ecosystem research station(XLD) in 2007 and 2008 are used to analyze the seasonal variation and meteorological control of CO2 flux in a 30-yr-old mixed plantation.The plantation forest mainly consists of Quercus variabilis,Platycladus orientalis,and Robinia pseudoacacia.The results show that the seasonal variations of net ecosystem exchange of CO2(NEE),gross primary production(GPP),and ecosystem respiration(Re) display single-peak curves.The maximum of carbon sequestration appears during May and June each year.The relative contribution of carbon release from ecosystem respiration to GPP varied slightly between 2007 and 2008.The relationship between NEE and photosynthetic active radiation(Qp) accords with the rectangular hyperbola model on diurnal scale,and shows a good linear correlation on monthly scale.The ecosystem photosynthetic parameters:the maximum photosynthetic rate(Pmax),the ecosystem photosynthetic photonyield(α),and the daytime ecosystem respiration(Rd) exhibit seasonal variations.Pmax reaches the maximum in August each year,with small interannual difference.The interannual differences of α and Rd are obvious,which is attributed to the changes of meteorological factors,such as solar radiation,vapor pressure deficit(D),precipitation,etc.Parameters Re,GPP,and NEP(net ecosystem production) have obvious exponential relations with temperature on monthly scale.There is a hysteresis in the response of GPP and NEP to temperature,i.e.,the carbon sequestration is not the maximum when the temperature reaches the peak value.The Q10 values were 1.37 and 1.45 in 2007 and 2008,respectively.On monthly scale,Re,GPP,and NEE increase as D increases,but rise slowly and even decrease when D is higher than 1.5 kPa.     

台风“麦莎”在舟山引起的特大暴雨的成因分析

通过对雷达资料、卫星云图、天气形势和物理量的诊断分析,认为台风"麦莎"在舟山产生特大暴雨的原因主要有3个:(1)台风登陆后减弱缓慢,主要是由于其东面大范围的输入云带提供与水汽和能量,同时高空急流形成的辐散场和次级垂直环流也是非常有利的条件;(2)舟山地区的水汽辐合、高空辐散、上升速度等物理量都非常有利于强降水;(3)"麦莎"处于对流不稳定环境中,对流发展旺盛,是强降水形成的另一个重要原因.     

两河口水电站初期导流洞固结灌浆试验施工工艺

两河口水电站初期导流洞发育有较多断层及绢云母板岩夹层,尤其是以f25、f3、f8系列,f4、f28等断层由多条次级错动带组成,破碎带宽度大,岩体完整性差,围岩极不稳定。为了确保导流洞运行安全,需对导流洲洲内Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类围岩区域进行固结灌浆施工并根据要求进行灌浆试验。主要介绍了固结灌浆试验施工工艺。     

洪泽湖不同湖区表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征

研究了洪泽湖9 个湖区表层沉积物对磷的吸附行为和沉积物对磷的吸附/解吸平衡质量浓度, 并分析了沉积物理化性质与磷吸附特征参数的关系。结果表明, 在低磷浓度条件下(0~1 mg/L), 沉积物对磷的最大吸附量为50.67~85.17 mg/kg, 沉积物在磷酸盐初始质量浓度较低时都存在负吸附(释放)现象。各湖区沉积物的吸附/解吸平衡磷浓度(EPC0) 范围为0.06~0.11mg/L, 均小于其上覆水中磷的含量, 沉积物对其上覆水中的磷表现为吸附作用。沉积物最大磷吸附量(Q_max)、本底吸附态磷量(NAP) 和总最大吸附磷量(TQ_max) 与沉积物中活性铁和活性铝的含量显著正相关, 与沉积物中总磷、无机磷、有机磷和有机质的含量相关性不显著。吸附/解吸平衡浓度(EPC₀) 与沉积物各理化参数之间没有表现出显著相关性。     

Research on propeller dynamic load simulation system of electric propulsion ship

A dynamic marine propeller simulation system was developed, which is utilized for meeting the experimental requirement of theory research and engineering design of marine electric propulsion system. By applying an actual ship parameter and its accurate propeller J’~ KT’ and J’~KP’ curve data, functional experiments based on the simulation system were carried out. The experiment results showed that the system can correctly emulate the propeller characteristics, produce the dynamic and steady performances of the propeller under different navigation modes, and present actual load torque for electric propulsion motor.     

微米级炸药晶体缺陷的μVCT试验研究

炸药晶体内部缺陷是影响炸药材料性能的一个关键因素.本文利用微焦点X射线体式CT(μVCT)技术研究了典型炸药奥克托今(HMX)晶体的内部结构,并对HMX似晶体的孔隙率进行了定量分析.结果发现一般HMX晶体内部含有较多的微米级孔隙,其面孔隙率可高达1%～2%,揭示了炸药件初始损伤的存在并解释了炸药晶体密度与其理论密度有差异的原因;而经过一定工艺处理后的HMX晶体内部孔隙则有效地减少,晶体密度和材料性能均能明显提升.研究表明对于几十微米以上尺寸的HMX炸药晶体,μVCT可有效地研究其内部结构并实现对其内部细小孔隙缺陷的定量,为深入研究炸药件成型性能和损伤破坏机理提供了一种直观的、可靠的实验手段.