冕宁县供水管系统震害预测

供水系统是城市生命线系统的重要组成部分之一,它担负着供给城市人民生活和工业生产的繁重任务。当供水系统遭到破坏,就会给生活和生产带来很大的困难。地震是破坏供水系统的一个重要因素。我国的城市供水系统,多数未经正规的抗震设计。因此,对位于地震烈度较高地区的供水系统作出震害预测,对减轻城市灾害、作好城市抗震防灾工作是很必要的。     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

唐山7.8级地震前后的断裂运动

本文根据短基线、短水准等测量资料,把唐山地震前后京、津、唐附近活动断裂的运动划分为震前加速、震时滑动和震后调整三个阶段,分析了各阶段的速率变化、活动性质和时空分布等特征,据此讨论了主要由地震蕴育、发生引起的活动断裂位移异常区的构造背景。最后,讨论了它们在地震预报和烈度区划工作中的意义     

塔里木盆地东部天然气的成因类型及其成熟度判识

利用塔里木盆地东部94个气样的烃类气体组成和碳同位素检测资料,与模拟实验资料相结合,进行了下古生界海相烃类气体的成熟度判识、成因类型和气源的综合研究。下古生界烃源气以干气为主,干燥系数>0.9,属海相腐泥型裂解气,并由于没有陆源有机质的影响,而表现为6~(13)C_1偏低、6~(13)C_2-J~(13)C_1,的差值小等特征。根据上元古界～下古生界烃源岩热模实验结果建立了6~(13)C_1-R_0凡回归方程,基本解决了本区天然气的成熟度和气源判识问题,并将天然气划分为4种成因类型。文中还探讨了天然气的多源、多阶复合问题。     

预应力混凝土结构非线性地震反应分析

本文针对预应力混凝土与普通混凝土不同的受力特点,提出了适合于分析预应力混凝土结构抗震性能的非线性有限元模型。模型首先将混凝土结构离散为杆单元,然后对各杆单元按分层组合原理分成许多混凝土层、预应力钢筋层和普通钢筋层,计算混凝土分层单元、预应力钢筋和普通钢筋的应力和应变,最后,根据钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结－滑移关系高速钢筋变形,根据混凝土弹性模量调整结构及杆单元变形,通过对普通混凝土构件和三个预应力混凝     

旋转椭球面上的应变与转动张量表达

以旋转椭球体面上某点为原点建立一个大地坐标单位活动坐标架. 通过平移, 使活动坐标架的原点与以椭球中心为原点的笛卡尔单位标架的原点相重合. 然后再通过两次标架旋转, 使活动坐标架与笛卡尔单位标架完全重合. 本文给出了使两个单位标架相重合的转换关系式, 以及该点位移在两个单位标架中的坐标转换式; 在此基础上, 考虑该点的位移及活动坐标架皆为该点大地坐标的函数, 经复杂推导, 分别给出了该点位移向量的微分在大地坐标系中的分量以及该点分别沿坐标曲线的弧微分表达式, 继而导出了该点的位移梯度矩阵; 最后推导出了椭球坐标系的应变张量与转动张量表达式, 并对转动张量的几何含义进行了较详细的解释, 且采用曲面理论对球面与椭球面的应变张量间的内在关系进行了讨论.      

2006年荣昌地震活动与注水关系

2006年荣昌地区地震活动增强,调查发现,荣昌县发生的一系列小震活动与附近油气井注水密切相关。荣昌井孔注水与地震活动之间具有时空关系,对注水与地震序列的时序分析表明,该序列具有前震一主震一余震和丛集性地震活动的特征。     

Model of rigid and elastic-plastic motion in intraplate blocks and strain status of principal blocks in Chinese mainland

Introduction The Chinese mainland is located in the southeastern part of Eurasia plate and encircled by India, Eurasia, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. It is one of areas with the strongest tectonic de-formation, especially Qingzang (QinghaiXizang) plateau and NS tectonic zone where the tec-tonic activity is more intensive and intricate. The main part of tectonic activity of Chinese mainland includes a series of tectonic zones and active blocks divided by them. Therefore, the research…     

华北地台北缘地球物理场特征与金属矿床预测

对华北地台北缘的地球物理场特征进行了探讨,根据重、磁异常数据反演计算了该地区的莫霍界面、居里界面、磁性界面的起伏.利用地球物理场资料和反演计算结果对该地区的构造格架和断裂进行了推断,同时预测了9个成矿远景区:(1)集宁一呼和浩特金成矿区;(2)张家口一赤城金、银多金属成矿区;(3)密云一高岭金、铜成矿区;(4)青龙一马兰庄金成矿区;(5)秦皇岛、金多金属成矿区;(6)郝家营多金属成矿区;(7)承德地区金、多金属成矿区;(8)赤峰一喀喇沁旗金成矿区;(9)宁城东金、多金属成矿区.     

南海北部ODP1144站更新世(1.05~0.36 Ma)孢粉记录

根据对南海ODP1144站下段孢粉分析, 将其自下而上分为两个孢粉组合带和11个组合亚带. 根据松粉、蕨类孢子及草本植物花粉含量的相互消长关系, 将PB带进一步划分为11个孢粉组合亚带(PB21~11), 分别与深海氧同位素分期相一致(对应MISs 21~11期). 间冰期孢粉组合以松粉和蕨类孢子含量增加、草本植物花粉含量降低为特征; 冰期则相反. 间冰期孢粉组合面貌反映其气候与现代相似. 各冰期出露的大陆架上生长了以禾本科、莎草科及蒿属为主的草本植物. 组合亚带PB12(对应MIS12期)中Artemisia花粉含量的增加及高的松粉沉积率值表明此次冰期气候相对干冷, 冬季风较强.