环境植物样品中铜铅锌铁锰的测定

将环境植物样品在４００－５００℃灰化，用硝酸、氢氟酸和高氯酸分解，用盐酸（１＋１）提取，控制２％－３％的盐酸介质，用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定环境植物样品中的微量铜、铅、锌、铁、锰。该方法简单、快速、可靠。对环境植物标准样品的测定结果理想。     

基于哥本哈根学派的中国气候安全化比较分析

采用哥本哈根学派提出的安全化方法,对中美气候安全化水平进行对比,结果表明：安全是一种主体间现象,通过中美气候安全化水平的对比,可以清楚地识别出中国处于由政治权威、科学权威作为安全化主体的高强度“安全化”过程中,而美国正处于由政治权威引导的“反安全化”过程。“主体间性”是安全化主体之间对存在性威胁的认同程度,中国气候安全化的主体间性与气候安全化进程不协调,表现为中国政治高层的气候安全化水平较高,而公众的安全化水平相对较低。气候安全存在性威胁表达是制约中国公众气候安全化水平的重要因素,表现为安全化视角和媒介单一。建议通过引入全球视角和图形化等方式增强存在性威胁表达效果,以提升中国气候安全化水平。     

基于实测资料的钦州湾外海海域潮流特征分析

采用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对2019年7月钦州湾近海海域3个站位的同步潮流资料进行了分析。结果表明：V2测站为不规则全日潮流,V1、V3测站为不规则半日潮流;三个测站均呈现明显的往复流特征,其中,V1和V2测站为N～S向,V3测站为ENE～SW向;除小潮期外,三个站位涨潮流均小于落潮流,平均流速均较小;各主要分潮流基本以K₁、O₁全日分潮流和M₂半日分潮流为主,其次是S₂半日分潮流;垂线平均余流,最大值出现在大潮期间V2测站,达15.7 cm/s,方向为61°。     

蒙古高原NDVI的空间格局及分异

GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribu-tion and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau. The results demonstrated that: (1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested moun-tainous regions of the east and the north, areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distrib-uted in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest, and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast. (2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation. The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%. (3) NDVI distribution and vege-tation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale. NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy; a higher positive spatial correlation was in-dicated in a NW-SE direction, which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity, and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction. (4) The NDVl spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors, 88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors. And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km, and the average vegetation patch length (NW-SE) to width (NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0.     

和田玉的品种及其划分

本文根据和田玉的形态、色泽、质地、硬度、比重、产地及分布特征,介绍了和田玉的品种及划分原则。     

耕地质量预警实初探

耕地保护的成效既体现在面积数量上,同时也体现在质量上,而后者往往受到忽视.建立耕地质量预警机制,对其预警的内容、方法及分析作出科学归纳和研究,有助于为宏观决策提供真实可靠的参考.     

盐渍化土壤光谱特征分析与建模

为建立土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型,选取宁夏回族自治区平罗县典型土壤盐渍化发生区域作为研究区,以野外原位光谱测量数据和实验室内测得的土壤含盐量与p H值数据为基础,进行高光谱数据处理,分析不同盐渍化程度土壤的光谱特征;对实测土壤光谱反射率进行倒数、对数、均方根及其一阶微分等光谱变换,计算高光谱指数;与土壤样本含盐量进行相关性分析,筛选盐渍化土壤的光谱特征波段,利用多元线性回归分析建立土壤盐渍化监测模型。研究结果表明:以倒数一阶微分变换后的940 nm和1 094 nm波段作为特征波段构建的土壤盐渍化遥感监测模型最优。     

基于数值模拟的黄河下游不同情景溃堤洪水特性

The lower Yellow River still faces the threat of flood due to the unusual precipitation caused by global environmental change, river channel sedimentation, hidden danger in the dike and unfavorable river regime of ＂hanging river＂. According to the characteristics of the dike-break flood of the Yellow River, this paper has simulated, in six different scenarios, the dike-break flood routing by inputting the terrain data, typical historical flood data and land use data of study area to two-dimensional unsteady flow model. The results show that： firstly, the routing process of flood will occupy other rivers on the way and return to the rivers after reaching the lower reaches; secondly, in the same river reach, flood inundating area of north band is bigger than that at corresponding location of south bank under the same historical flood; thirdly, it is different in the degree of flood inundation in different regions due to different geographical locations in flood plain; fourthly, the area of mainstream where flood is deep and flow velocity is quick is relatively smaller, but the area of non-mainstream, where flood is shallow and flow velocity is slow, is relatively big; and finally, the possible influenced area of the dike-break flood is 141,948 km^2.     

黄河下游悬河决溢风险评价指标体系的构建

针对黄河下游存在决溢风险的现状,根据环境因素对悬河决溢的作用机制,通过对地质构造评价在决溢风险评价中的地位、洪水要素对悬河决溢的影响、不同决溢模式的形成机理进行了分析,从而建立了一套较为系统的黄河下游悬河决溢风险评价指标体系。文中提出了以下观点：1.将洪水要素纳入评价指标体系; 2. 决溢风险评价分为地质构造环境背景评价和决溢情景评价两部分; 3.决溢情景评价与决溢模式相结合; 4. 以不同决溢模式的形成机理为基础确定评价因子。     

新疆阿勒泰地区的生态环境问题及解决对策

新疆阿勒泰地区的生态环境从上世纪50年代至今经历了曲折的变化过程,但是总体来说该区生态环境一直在退化,只是在不同时期其退化的速度有所不同。虽然目前阿勒泰地区的生态环境恶化趋势有所减缓,但是曾经导致阿勒泰地区生态环境退化的问题并没有完全得到解决。纵观从1950年代至今的生态环境变化,阿勒泰地区的草场退化、森林资源剧减、耕地次生盐渍化、沼泽化、土地沙漠化、河流水量减少、虫鼠灾害及工矿对环境破坏等生态环境问题及其形成原因在我国的西部具有较强的代表性,因此本文试图通过回顾阿勒泰地区生态环境问题和恶化过程,分析其生态环境恶化的原因,并探寻在科学发展观指导下的可持续发展对策。