中国大陆1998～1999年地壳运动观测结果

介绍了中国地壳运动观测网络1998～1999年基准站GPS观测概况,简要介绍了用伯尔尼（Bernese）软件对GPS观测数据的处理结果,详细介绍了所获取的1998年９月初～1999年７月初基准网地壳运动,包括各基准站位移与网内各部分的应变．在所述观测期间,我国东部地区较为稳定．相对东部地区,西南部地区以向北运动为主,位移量约17ｍｍ,受北北东向挤压为主;西北部地区以北西向运动为主,位移量约11ｍｍ;而云南地区以向南运动为主,位移量约14ｍｍ．我国中部南北地震带则是一强烈的剪切变形带．网内最大主应变量为2.910-8．观测结果表明,印度板块向北挤压依然是影响我国地壳运动的主要因素．      

Sex determination and differentiation in Aurelia sp.1: the absence of temperature dependence

Cnidarians, being regarded as ‘basal' metazoan animals, are considered to have relatively high plasticity in terms of sex reversal. In this study we used an experimental approach to demonstrate sexual diff erentiation and plasticity in benthic polyps and pelagic medusae of A urelia sp.1 maintained at dif ferent temperatures. Results indicated that in A urelia sp.1, sex diff erentiation has been determined at the polyp stage and that all medusae originating from a given polyp are, phenotypically, of the same sex. In addition, the sex of polyps budding from the same clone(either male or female) at dif ferent temperatures appears to be the same as that of the parent. The sex of medusae that had originated from a known-sex polyp was observed to remain the same as that of the parent, irrespective of differences in strobilation or rearing temperatures. These results indicate that the mechanism of sex determination of Aurelia sp.1. is not influenced by prevailing temperature regimes. A comparison of variability in terms of sexual plasticity of A urelia sp.1 with that of Hydrozoa and Anthozoa suggests that species characterized by a free-swimming medusa life stage have a high dispersal potential, which probably results in a lower rate of sex reversal.     

Chlorophenols in marine organisms from the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay,China, and an assessment of risks posed to human health

The composition of chlorophenols in marine organisms from the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay, China, was analyzed and the health risks posed to humans assessed. A total of 19 chlorophenols from 16 types of marine organism were analyzed across nine survey sections in Hangzhou Bay. The chlorophenols were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a DB-5MS quartz capillary column. The concentrations of monochlorophenol, dichlorophenol, trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol ranged from below the detection limit(ND) to 132 μg/kg, ND–51.0 μg/kg, ND–42.5 μg/kg, ND–69.0 μg/kg, and ND–9.06 μg/kg, respectively. Additionally, concentration differences between each type of chlorophenol were not significant( P 0.05). However, significant differences were found between monochlorophenol( F =8.13, P 0.01) and total chlorophenol(F =5.19, P 0.01) concentrations. As the noncarcinogenic risk indices were 0.1(10-5 –10-2) for all of the organisms, no high risk was posed by 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol to humans consuming marine organisms from the study area. Furthermore, the carcinogenic risks posed by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were lower than limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the US Environmental Protection Agency. However, the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by chlorophenols in marine organisms from four of the survey sections(Sizaopu, Niluoshan, Longshan Town and Xinhong zha) were higher than the other survey sections.     

基于波动方程正演模拟分析薄砂层含不同流体的AVO特征

塔河油田碎屑岩储层厚度较小,薄层AVO 特征受薄层内多次波反射以及薄层调谐效应和频率滤波效应影响,导致薄层
AVO 特征与厚层AVO 特征差异较大。为此,笔者设计了不同含油气性薄层砂体模型来进行波动方程正演模拟,得到了CRP道集记
录,提取了目的层反射振幅,基于入射波振幅计算了反射系数,从而获得了薄层地震正演AVO 曲线,分析了塔河油田碎屑岩储层含不
同流体时的AVO 特征,找出了实际地质条件下的含油气性与AVO 属性特征的对应关系,以指导地震剖面上的含流体预测工作。      

海底油气管道内CO2腐蚀与防腐的研究

本工作采用2.4mV/s动态电位扫描极化、控制电位极化、电偶电流和高压釜挂片失重法研究了X60钢在含Ca~(2+)36.26mg/L,Mg~(2+)12.66mg/L和Cl~-3624mg/L的模拟氯化钠盐水中,CO_2引起腐蚀的电化学行为,以及含氮、硫的有机缓蚀剂和(或)Me~(2+)对腐蚀的抑制作用。结果表明:溶有CO_2的盐水腐蚀性强,盐浓度及温度会影响钢的腐蚀速度和阴极极化行为;75mg/L缓蚀剂的缓蚀率达90％,服从Langmuir吸附等温式;50mg/L缓蚀剂与127mg/LMe~(2+)复配,缓蚀率达91％以上,不服从Langmuir吸附等温式。     

1999—2009年新疆能源消费碳排放的因素分解及实证研究

从影响因素角度用LMDI分解方法对新疆1999—2009年的碳排放进行研究。结果表明:能源结构和能源强度对新疆人均碳排放增长起抑制效应,且能源强度的抑制效应大于能源结构的抑制效应;产业规模和人口规模对新疆人均碳排放增长起拉动效应,且产业规模的拉动效应大于人口规模的拉动效应。能源强度和能源结构的抑制效应难以抵消由产业规模和人口规模拉动的新疆人均碳排放的增长。在实证研究结果的基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

广西柳桥深水相二叠系/三叠系界线剖面有机碳同位素地层学对比研究及事件响应

研究了广西柳桥地区东攀剖面有机碳同位素的组成,并和浙江煤山剖面进行了对比。结果表明东攀剖面在1δ3Corg变化趋势上,既具有全球PTB剖面普遍存在的共性,又具有其独特性。在东攀剖面一个显著的1δ3Corg负漂移出现在事件界线(EB)之上和二叠系/三叠系界线(PTB)之下,这与煤山剖面具有相似性。显著的1δ3Corg负漂移指示了P/T之交生物绝灭后海水表层水原始生产率的降低以及大气和海水中CO2含量的增加,并得到放射虫绝灭事件、火山事件和海退事件的响应。煤山剖面1δ3Corg负漂移从第27层就开始向13C富集的方向恢复,而东攀剖面1δ3Corg在下Induan阶仍持续亏损,表明东攀剖面早三叠世的生物复苏明显滞后于煤山剖面的。     

上海西瓜产量与当年雨量

西瓜汁多味甜,消暑解渴,是人们喜受的夏令瓜果之一。上海郊区每年都有较大面积的栽培,七十年代全市平均每年种植西瓜5.6万亩,1982年以来,扩种到10万多亩。1965—1983年,全市西瓜平均亩产30.4担,但产量不稳,年际变化大(图1)。如全市西瓜平均亩产,1978年最高为48担,1983年最低仅6.7担。两年的平均亩产竞相差41.3担之多。西瓜产量不稳,其原因是多方面的,但从农业气象分析可以看出,气候影响是一个重要因素。 西瓜原产非洲,喜温好光,最怕多雨。上海西     

频率慢度域自适应迭代反演算法压制海上倾斜缆鬼波方法及其应用

海上倾斜缆采集技术具有多样的陷波特征,通过去鬼波处理可获得宽频数据.针对海水面波浪起伏及缆深误差引起的鬼波延迟时间估计误差以及崎岖海底和目的层深度变化使得鬼波和一次反射波的振幅差异系数随偏移距的变化而难以给定一个固定值的问题,本文推导出频率慢度域中鬼波滤波算子以及自适应迭代反演求解上行波算法,该鬼波滤波算子与不同水平慢度对应的鬼波和一次反射波的振幅差异系数以及鬼波延迟时间有关.并基于计算出的理论下行波与实际下行波之间的平方误差最小理论实现自适应反演迭代最优计算该振幅差异系数和鬼波延迟时间.合成的及某海上采集的倾斜缆数据去鬼波处理结果表明,频率慢度域自适应迭代反演算法能较好地去除海上变深度缆鬼波,能达到拓宽地震记录频带目的.