地震层析成像方法综述

本文从地震层析成像的模型参数化、正演、反演、解评估四个方面回顾了地震层析成像方法近期发展历程以及各时段地震层析成像方法的优、缺点.     

中国与矿物标本的国际贸易

大凡地学专业人士都知道什么是好的矿物标本及其价值,但对矿物标本国际贸易的规模、购卖者、矿物标本的价格,尤其是某些极品的价格往往不甚了解.     

鲁西地区中元古代四堡期辉绿岩基本特征——以蒙阴野店及费县高家围子地区为例

蒙阴野店—费县高家围子一带辉绿岩广泛发育 ,多呈NNW向及近SN向岩墙分布 ,常成群产出。该辉绿岩是幔源基性岩浆沿区域性张裂隙 (刚性陆块伸展作用的结果 )上侵形成的 ,它标志着鲁西乃至整个华北地区早前寒武纪基底第三次克拉通化的完成 ,陆块从此进入稳定发展阶段。     

华北东部岩石圈减薄中的下地壳过程：岩浆底侵、置换与拆沉作用

最近研究表明，华北中生代岩石圈减薄不仅是岩石囤地幔减薄，而且下地壳也发生了一定程度的减薄和置换。本文强调下地壳过程，如岩浆底侵、置换和拆沉作用是理解岩石囤减薄机制的关键因素之一。火山岩及其捕虏体的信息似乎支持在华北东部南、北缘存在局部造山带型的下地壳与岩石囤的拆沉作用。但是华北东部整体上的减薄机制难以用造山带的拆沉模式来解释。华北东部克拉通内部的火山岩中的下地壳捕虏体有两类，一类是经历了麻粒岩相变质的底侵辉长岩和辉石岩以及榴辉岩相变质的石榴辉石岩，形成时代约在140～120Ma；另一类是经过了中生代变质叠加的前寒武纪麻粒岩。中生代华北东部曾发生过大规模的岩浆底侵作用，现今的下地壳很可能已大部分不是前寒武纪的下地壳，它们由中生代变质的辉长岩、镁铁质岩石以及经历了很强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳麻粒岩组成。此外，在华北东部普遍存在着化学成分类似于“埃达克岩”的中生代高锶花岗岩类岩石，它们的形成与岩浆底侵作用和镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融有关，其熔融残留应是榴辉岩或石榴角闪岩。尽管如此，要通过下地壳部分熔融形成一个厚的密度很大的榴辉岩层，由它的重力不均衡来带动80～120公里厚的岩石圈地幔一起拆沉进入软流圈的机制很难发生在华北克拉通内部。岩浆底侵和置换作用是下地壳过程非常重要的形式，与岩石圈的减薄具有密切联系，其具体机制尚不完善。     

天池火山千年大喷发的岩浆混合作用与喷发机制初步探讨

根据岩浆演化和地球物理深部探测，天池火山之下存在地壳和地幔双层岩浆房。地幔玄武质岩浆向地壳岩浆房的补给，保持了天池火山逾百万年持续不断的喷发活动。本文从天池火山千年大喷发浮岩中的玄武质粗安岩一粗安岩角砾和条带状岩浆的岩相学、矿物学和岩石化学研究，提出地幔的粗面玄武质岩浆向地壳岩浆房的注入，触发千年大喷发，初步探讨了天池火山千年大喷发的岩浆混合作用与喷发机制。     

基于增强注意力门控U-Net的建筑物提取研究

针对经典深度学习语义分割网络对建筑物提取存在精度较低、边界模糊和小目标识别困难的问题,本文提出一种增强注意力门控的U型网络(advanced attention gate U-Net,AA＿UNet)用于改善建筑物提取的效果,该网络改进经典U-Net的结构,使用VGG16作为主干特征提取网络、注意力门控模块参与跳跃连接、双线性插值法代替反卷积进行上采样.实验采用武汉大学建筑物数据集(WHU building dataset,WHD)对比提出的网络与部分经典语义分割网络的提取效果,并探究网络改进的各个模块对提取效果的影响.结果显示：该网络对建筑物提取的总精度、交并比、查准率、召回率和F1分数分别为98.78%、89.71%、93.30%、95.89%、94.58%,各项评价指标均优于经典语义分割网络,且改进的各个模块有效提高了提取精度,改善了建筑物轮廓不清晰和小目标建筑物破碎的问题,可用于精准提取高分辨率遥感影像中的建筑物信息,对城市规划、土地利用、生产生活、军事侦察等具有指导意义.     

大连地区ECMWF细网格风向与实况的对比检验

选取2016年1月-2018年12月ECMWF细网格10m风资料,与大连地区8个国家气象观测站地面5类实况风向资料进行对比分析.结果 表明:5类实况风向平均误差(ME)相差不大,平均绝对误差(MAE)随着预报时限延长均呈增大趋势,正点最大风MAE最小且各时限r均最大,综合来看EC 10m风向预报与正点最大风最为接近.统...     

Biomass and carbon storage of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis （Rhodophyta） in Zhanshan Bay,Qingdao, China

Marine macroalgae can absorb carbon and play an important role in carbon sequestration. As an important economic macroalga, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis has the potential to significantly affect carbon absorption and storage in wave-sheltered intertidal reef systems. However, detailed knowledge on seasonal biomass changes and carbon storage of G. lemaneiformis is lacking, especially in many small and scattered ecosystems. Considering the influence of human activities on wild distribution of G. lemaneiformis, the understanding of seasonal dynamics of an economically important species in nature is necessary. In this study, we first investigated seasonal variations in biomass, coverage area, and carbon storage during low tide from August 2011 to July 2012 in Zhanshan Bay, Qingdao, China. Furthermore, we estimated the carbon storage potential of wild G. lemaneiformis using light use efficiency(LUE). The results show that the standing biomass and coverage area changed significantly with season. However, seasonal variations in carbon content and water content were not obvious, with an average content of 35.1% and 83.64%, respectively. Moreover, carbon storage in individual months varied between 0.67 and 47.03 g C/m 2, and the value of carbon storage was the highest in August and June and the lowest in February. In Zhanshan Bay, LUE of G. lemaneiformis was only 0.23%. If it is increased to the theoretical maximum(5%–6%), the carbon storage will have an increase of at least 21 times compared with the current, which suggested that carbon storage of wild G. lemaneiformis had a high enhancement potential. The study will help to assess a potential role of G. lemaneiformis in reducing atmospheric CO2.     

Development of a SCAR marker for male gametophyte of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis based on AFLP technique

The red alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis （Bory） is an economically valuable macroalgae. As a means to identify the sex of immature Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） technique was used to search for possible sex- or phase-related markers in male gametophytes, female gametophytes, and tetrasporophytes, respectively. Seven AFLP selective amplification primers were used in this study. The primer combination E-TG/M-CCA detected a specific band linked to male gametophytes. The DNA fragment was recovered and a 402-bp fragment was sequenced. However, no DNA sequence match was found in public databases. Sequence characterized amplified region （SCAR） primers were designed from the sequence to test the repeatability of the relationship to the sex, using 69 male gametophytes, 139 female gametophytes, and 47 tetrasporophytes. The test results demonstrate a good linkage and repeatability of the SCAR marker to sex. The SCAR primers developed in this study could reduce the time required for sex identification of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis by four to six months. This can reduce both the time investment and number of specimens required in breeding experiments.     

香港非主流风景——沙田：传统之中的突围

著名的芬兰城市学者沙里宁曾经说过：“让我看看你的城市,我就能说出这个城市居民在文化上追求的是什么。”行走沙田,丈量这座新市镇,会发现它在繁华与匆忙之外还有可爱的一面。