Deepwater Ventilation and Stratification in the Neogene South China Sea

Combined data of physical property, benthic foraminifera, and stable isotopes from ODP Sites 1148, 1146, and 1143 are used to discuss deep water evolution in the South China Sea (SCS) since the Early Miocene. The results indicate that 3 lithostratigraphic units, respectively corresponding to 21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma with positive red parameter (a*) marking the red brown sediment color represent 3 periods of deep water ventilation. The first 2 periods show a closer link to contemporary production of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Northern Component Water (NCW), indicating a free connection of deep waters between the SCS and the open ocean before 10 Ma. After 10 Ma, red parameter dropped but stayed higher than the modern value (a*=0), the CaCO3 percentage difference between Site 1148 from a lower deepwater setting and Site 1146 from an upper deepwater setting enlarged significantly, and benthic species which prefer oxygen-rich bottom conditions dramatically decreased. Coupled with a major negative excursion of benthic δ13C at ~10 Ma, these parameters may denote a weakening in the control of the SCS deep water by the open ocean. Probably they mark the birth of a local deep water due to shallow waterways or rise of sill depths during the course of sea basin closing from south to east by the west-moving Philippine Arc after the end of SCS seafloor spreading at 16-15 Ma. However, it took another 5 Ma before the dissolved oxygen approached close to the modern level. Although the oxygen level continued to stabilize, several Pacific Bottom Water (PBW) and Pacific Deep Water (PDW) marker species rapidly increased since ~6 Ma, followed by a dramatic escalation in planktonic fragmentation which indicates high dissolution especially after ~5 Ma. The period of 5-3 Ma saw the strongest stratified deepwater in the then SCS, as indicated by up to 40% CaCO3 difference between Sites 1148 and 1146. Apart from a strengthening PDW as a result of global cooling and ice cap buildup on northern high latitudes, a deepening sea basin due to stronger subduction eastward may also have triggered the influx of more corrosive waters from the deep western Pacific. Since 3 Ma, the evolution of the SCS deep water entered a modern phase, as characterized by relative stable 10% CaCO3 difference between the two sites and increase in infaunal benthic species which prefer a low oxygenated environment. Thesubsequent reduction of PBW and PDW marker species at about 1.2 Ma and 0.9 Ma and another significant negative excursion of benthic δ13C to a Neogene minimum at ~0.9 Ma together convey a clear message that the PBW largely disappeared and the PDW considerably weakened in the Mid-Pleistocene SCS. Therefore, the true modern mode SCS deep water started to form only during the "Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition" probably due to the rise of sill depths under the Bashi Strait.     

内蒙古西部银额盆地及邻区晚古生代海平面变化与沉积响应

晚古生代银额盆地发育一套石炭纪—二叠纪火山岩-碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩,沉积建造稳定,岩相清晰,地层层序和沉积体系域发育清楚。通过对区内沉积盆地地层特征和侧向变化分析,初步划分出了4个Ⅱ级层序,8个Ⅲ级层序,识别出若干个沉积体系域和层序界面,沉积层序具有伸展型层序特征,Ⅲ级层序Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ形成过程中盆地海平面上升速度快,对形成厚度大的暗色泥岩层有利。盆地沉积演化与构造活动密切相关,构造活动控制了海平面的变化。通过区域地层格架分析和层序地层学研究,可以进一步研究区域构造活动历史,从而更好地预测暗色泥岩和有利储层形成的有利环境。     

卫星遥感反演土壤水分研究综述

土壤水分是影响地表过程的核心变量之一。精准地测量土壤水分及其时空分布,长期以来是定量遥感研究领域的难点问题。简要回顾基于光学、被动微波、主动微波和多传感器联合反演等卫星遥感反演土壤水分的主要反演算法、存在的难点和前沿性研究问题,介绍了应用土壤水分反演算法所形成的3种主要全球土壤水分数据集,包括欧洲气象业务卫星（ERS/MetOp）数据集、高级微波扫描辐射计（AMSR-E）数据集、土壤湿度与海洋盐分卫星（SMOS）数据集,并结合目前存在的问题探讨卫星遥感反演土壤水分研究的发展趋势。     

大地构造理论和中国4次煤田预测与潜力评价

在原煤炭工业部组织的4次全国煤炭资源预测和评价中,其中3次分别运用了槽-台学说、地质力学理论和板块构造理论。简要评述了前3次煤田预测成果。在此基础上,通过分析第4次煤田预测以来的板块构造理论和煤田地质研究进展,以及对2006年6月开始的煤炭资源潜力评价,建议在总结阶段,应在不同板块构造体制下,根据含煤原型盆地恢复、大地构造单元性质与盆地构造演化,对煤炭聚积、煤化作用的控制和影响进行研究,并提出了建立板块构造理论指导下的中国煤炭资源潜力评价的工作思路与技术路线。     

云南兰坪-思茅地块西缘中新世岩浆活动的发现

<正>兰坪-思茅地块位于云南省中西部(图1-a),以大规模出露中生代和少量新生代红色沉积地层而闻名;其东侧边部还产有多套不同时代、不同属性的岩石组分,而西侧边部仅出露一套晚古生代无量山岩群(图1;云南省地质矿产局,1990;廖宗廷等,2005;云南省地质调查局,2013;李以科等,2017)。兰坪-思茅地块西侧的岩浆作用较强烈,活动期次有古近纪始新世、晚白垩世和三叠纪,其中晚白垩世和三叠纪岩浆作用仅产于地块西缘的无量山岩群中(云南省地质调查院,2011; 2015; 2019;云南省地质调查局,2013)。     

云南腾冲山寨盆地水下冲积扇特征及对砂锡的控矿作用

水下冲积扇是山间谷地被堵截堰塞,山麓堆积进入水盆地的一种特殊“相”,以重力流堆积为主体,间夹湖沼和上迭河流沉积。熔岩流多次堵塞增高,堰塞坝的侵蚀和盆地的沉积充填,这三种因素综合作用的结果,形成了具有一定厚度的不同沉积类型组合。各类沉积因其搬运分选机制不同而形成不同的聚锡能力,决定了对砂锡的控矿作用。     

镜铁矿矿物的找矿指示意义初探

对镜铁矿矿物的产出特征及其微量元素特征的初步研究,提出镜铁矿化是某些铁、铜、金、银、钨、锡、钼等矿化的重要找矿标志。     

三块普通球粒陨石岩石矿物学特征及其复合球粒研究

普通球粒陨石数量约占球粒陨石的80%,对其开展研究有助于揭示早期太阳系的演化。本文使用扫描电镜和电子探针对三块普通球粒陨石的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征进行了分析,重点讨论了复合球粒的成因。研究表明,三块陨石均具典型的球粒陨石结构,其中GRV 050191与GRV 051993分别为LL3型和H3型陨石,球粒结构清晰且丰富;NWA 15005为H5型陨石,球粒可分辨,基质出现重结晶。GRV 050191与GRV 051993中矿物成分变化较大,橄榄石有成分环带,NWA 15005中矿物成分均一。根据陨石岩石矿物学特征,GRV 050191、GRV 051993和NWA 15005冲击变质程度分别为S2、S1和S3,风化程度为W1、W1和W2。复合球粒是由两个或多个球粒熔融形成的,本次研究发现的3个复合球粒,其中2个属于包封型复合球粒(CPC-1和CPC-3),1个为伴生型复合球粒(CPC-2)。SiO₂-FeO-MgO相图数据表明,复合球粒形成温度窗口约为100℃。根据复合球粒中橄榄石的FeO含量变化推测越早形成的球粒,其FeO含量越低,橄榄石化学成分变化趋势表明...     

河北省唐县大石峪及外围金矿床地质特征及其成因

大石峪及外围金矿床产于燕山期大石峪复式花岗岩体东接触带附近，是一个伴有银、铜、铅、锌的黄铁矿化石英脉型金矿、为花岗岩期后岩浆热液成因类型。     

青藏铁路涵洞试验工程研究

通过青藏铁路涵洞试验工程的修筑和地温、变形、气温等相关项目的测试，经过对一个冻融循环过程观测数据以及针对试验工程中出现相关问题的综合分析，基本掌握了涵洞工程冻土问题的关键所在，提出了合理的建议和处理措施。