浅谈中医实习医师职业气质的培养

针对目前合格临床医师培养周期延长的事实,如何在各个阶段达成培养目的尤为重要。鉴于此,本文拟就中医实习医师阶段职业气质的培养为关注点,分析其主要内涵及存在问题,并提出相关对策以增强中医实习医师阶段职业价值、态度、行为和伦理,医学科学基础,临床技能,批判性思维等职业气质的培养。     

徐州市水土流失时空变化研究

本文以3S技术为支撑,在修正水土流失方程（RUSLE）的基础上,针对徐州黄泛平原-丘陵地带的特殊地形地貌、对2000年以来徐州市水土流失时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：2000-2014年徐州市土壤侵蚀等级以微度为主,微度侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积多年平均达到76.34%;中度侵蚀次之,所占比例在10%~17%间;剧烈侵蚀所占比例最少。轻度及以上土壤侵蚀等级主要发生在中部微山湖下游、京杭大运河一带的丘陵岗地地区、主城区与故黄河北岸的黄泛平原地区,以及丰县、新沂、邳州的局部区域;土壤侵蚀存在一定程度年际变化特征,睢宁、丰县、邳州的部分地区侵蚀面积年际变化较为明显,土壤侵蚀总面积整体上呈现下降趋势。     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

铁炉港表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

对海南铁炉港内表层沉积物中重金属的含量进行测定,探讨其分布特征、相关性及潜在生态危害程度。结果表明,铁炉港表层沉积物中的重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg及As含量范围分别为10.83~45.90、5.94~23.86、6.91~78.41、0.05~0.82、8.0~19.60、0.021~0.070及1.68~16.77mg/kg,与海口湾、小海、新村港、上地壳及中国浅海沉积物相比,铁炉港Hg平均值较小,Cd、As平均值较大,其余位于其间;相关性分析显示,Cu、Pb、Zn及Cr具有相同污染源,Hg、Pb、Zn及Cd具有相同污染源。重金属污染程度以中等生态危害为主,其次是轻微生态危害与强生态危害,RI较高的站位基本位于铁炉港养殖密集区,Cd与Hg为主要潜在生态危害因子,7种重金属的潜在生态风险大小依次为:CdHgAsCuPbZnCr。本研究为铁炉港的环境保护和资源可持续开发利用提供基础数据与理论依据。     

不同处理温度对3种龙虾长途运输存活率的影响

【目的】研究处理温度对锦绣龙虾(Panulirus ornatus)、波纹龙虾(P. homarus)和杂色龙虾(P. versicolor)长途运输存活的影响。【方法】采用冰块梯度降温的方法,将从斯里兰卡收购的锦绣龙虾、波纹龙虾和杂色龙虾依不同规格(0.1～0.2、0.2～0.5、0.5 kg以上)分别按5℃/h降温至25、20、18、15、12℃,并进行长途运输。【结果】1)12℃处理组的龙虾存活率最高,达95.42%,显著高于其他温度处理组(P 0.05);2)经12～25℃温度处理后,锦绣龙虾的存活率总体上高于其他龙虾,更有利于长途保活运输;3)随着龙虾规格增大,存活率呈增加趋势(P 0.05);4)处理温度对龙虾长途运输存活率影响有统计学意义(P 0.001);龙虾种类对运输存活率影响有统计学意义(P 0.05),而规格对龙虾运输存活率影响无统计学意义(P 0.05);温度×种类、温度×规格和种类×规格的一级互作以及温度×种类×规格的二级互作对龙虾存活率影响均无统计学意义(P 0.05);5)暂养可提高龙虾长途运输的存活率,暂养时间宜在18 h以上。     

联合应急测绘彰显“河南速度”

正1小时内,无人机应急队伍集结完毕并于指定时间内赶赴现场;40分钟内,完成0.02米分辨率水库现场360°全景影像图并传输至应急测绘指挥大厅;90分钟内,完成水库高分辨率正射影像,分析完成水库132米高程模拟淹没区域面积以及地物类别;2个小时内,完成水坝街景三维点云数据及360°立面全景照片,快速建立大坝三维模型……7月18日下午,河南省测绘地理信     

Molecular detection of microbial communities associated with Microcystis vs Synechococcus dominated waters in Tianjin,China

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms cause many ecological disasters worldwide. During the development of cyanobacterial blooms, the diversity and domination of cyanobacterial taxa are of a particular concern. In this study, the microbial community structure within a water system, such as in Yuqiao Reservoir and Haihe River in Tianjin City, China, was compared by using next-generation sequencing. A total of 5 001 operational taxonomic units were obtained and clustered from filtered 16 S rDNA V3–V4 region sequences. The cyanobacterial and microbial structures greatly differed in these two water areas. Microcystis was dominant in Yuqiao, whereas Synechococcus was dominant in Haihe. Proteobacteria species were dominant among all detected samples. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes were higher in Yuqiao Reservoir than in Haihe River, whereas Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia were relatively abundant in Haihe River. Further analyses indicated that the domination of both cyanobacteria was strongly related to several environmental factors, such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen, reflecting the role of trophic states in shaping the dominance of cyanobacterial taxa. The present study provided the example for Microcystis and Synechococcus dominance along a cyanobacterial bloom in north China. Applying highthroughput sequencing could offer a wide field of vision in analyzing microbial community structures.     

基于InSAR数据的北京地铁6号线地面沉降监测分析

本文以北京市地铁6号线为研究区,采用PS-In SAR技术对研究区53景Terra SAR影像进行永久散射体干涉处理,获取了研究区地面沉降信息,初步揭示了线状研究区的地面沉降空间分布特征,进一步结合层次熵值法,定位6号线典型路段,深入分析了地面沉降发展的严重程度及不均匀性。研究结果表明:(1)6号线沿线自西向东沉降速率增大,最大年沉降速率为77.2 mm/a,出现在常营—草房路段;(2)综合熵值以金台路站为分界,西侧熵值小(小于0.5),东侧接近或大于1,金台路以东路段沉降量大,且不均匀沉降严重;(3)在地质条件相似的金台路-十里堡、青年路-褡裢坡、黄渠-草房3个路段内,沉降严重程度同时受年沉降速率、斜率、曲率半径变化驱动,且相关性强。     

同步辐射标定平面镜反射率不确定度分析方法研究

为了提高多通道软X射线能谱仪的测量精度,2009年在北京同步辐射(BSRF)软X束线源上对多种材料的掠入射平面镜的反射率进行了标定.在标定实验的基础上,对光源的单色性、高次谐波以及源强稳定性、探测器响应一致性和数据采集统计误差等多项不确定因素进行了评估,给出了反射率的修正方法和相应的不确定度分析结果.     

我国海域排污总量控制制度建设框架研究

随着沿海地区社会经济的快速发展,化学污染物的排海数量不断增加,海水水质不断恶化,我国的海域自北到南已遭到不同程度的污染和破坏,一些港湾、河口、近海海域污染已相当严重。实施污染物排海总量控制是改善海洋环境质量的重要措施。文章从法律、行政法规、部门法规、地方法规和规章以及相关标准和技术规范等5个层面对我国海域排污总量控制制度建设框架进行了设计;提出海域排污总量控制条例作为海域排污总量控制制度的主要组成部分,应包括总则、规划编制与管理、排污许可与排污交易、排污核查与监督以及法律责任等方面;根据我国对海域排污总量控制制度的必要性和急迫性,从加快立法、建立配套制度和强化管理等方面对海域排污总量控制制度提出建议,为我国海域排污总量控制制度建设提供科学依据。