AN~2 APPLICATION IN THE METRODS OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

1.PoPulation~aphyisthestudy0fthespatialdistributionmdarrangnatsofhumanpoPulation.ItisthesdenceofhowspatialvariarionsinthecomPosihon,growth,whgraion,anddistribLItionofpoPulatonsaiere1ataltospatialvariationsinthenatureofplaces.ThemethodsplayanimPohanroleinr…     

从钻孔温度看气候变化──方法介绍及实例

地壳浅层的地温分布与过去一定时期的地表温度变化之间有着内在的联系，地温场记录着地表温度变化的历史。由于地表温度是描述气候变化的重要参数，通过对钻孔地温数据进行分析处理，可以达到研究古气候变化的目的。美国东北部、加拿大东南部和中国四川攀西地区若干钻孔地温剖面的反演结果一致表明，这些区域在过去数百年间地表温度均有不同程度的升高。与研究古气候的其他方法相比，地热方法具有理论基础牢固和现成数据基础庞大的突出特点，这一研究方法在世界范围的广泛应用必将有助于揭开全球气候变化的奥秘。     

Effect of counter-gradient in the computation of turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture in a regional model

The counter-gradient terms in the computations of turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture have been included in the PBL parameterization of a regional model for monsoon prediction. Results show that inclusion of counter-gra-dient terms has a marginal impact in the prediction of large scale monsoon circulation and rainfall rates.     

美国陆军大气科学实验室雷暴智能预报系统概述

1 引言为了帮助参谋部天气官员,美国陆军大气科学实验室(ASL)对最先由空军气象局开发的PC型探测分析程序进行了改进。此程序包括雷暴智能预报系统(TIPS),即用于预报与对流风暴有关的雷暴和强天气事件的ASL专家系统。Colquhoun(1987年)     

一个高分辨对流层物质交换模式

在区域酸沉积模式(RADM)基础上,设计了一个高分辨对流层(TL)物质交换模式(EM3)。EM3在以下五个方面明显不同于RADM:第一,增加行星边界层(PBL)的垂直网格层次;第二、TL内考虑分层的垂直涡旋扩散系数型;第三,使用TL内分层的水平涡旋扩散系数型;第四,采用包含有植物冠层垂直结构影响的新干沉积速度型;第五,使用数值扩散小的二阶矩守恒平流格式.用EM3和RADM对OSCAR Ⅳ实例作对比模拟,结果表明EM3能更好地预测出TL内的三维物质分布规律,在同样条件下,两模式预测的PBL低层中心浓度比值均大于1.8,最大值可大于3。     

旋转流体物理实验中见到的大气环流特征

在合适的实验参数下(热力Rossby数R_(OT)=0.1,Taylor数T_a=2.2 ×10~7),在旋转斜压流中,大尺度地形强迫造成低频振荡以及大气环流中的“阻塞”流型。这是由于地形强迫造成的准静止波与行进波的相互作用及共振引起的。地形把波数单一的流动变成多波数的流动。地形强迫使波数减少。     

喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面的数据采集工作

喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面(INDEPTH)先导性试验剖面位于喜马拉雅山脉,北起西藏康马县的萨马达,南到西藏帕里。近南北向的剖面长约100km(INDEPTH-1),东西向横剖面长为8.6km(INDEPTH-2)。每隔2km测一次低速带。与反射地震工作一起还开展了“宽角反射”及“三维地震”测量。最大的震源一接收点偏移距为140—150km。由于地形条件十分困难,INDEPTH-1取弯线,INDEPTH-2取直线。     

Large Scale Perturbations in Extratropical Atmosphere-Part Ⅱ: On Geostrophic Waves

We have examined, in Part Ⅰ, the propagation mechanism and geostrophic property of classical Rossby waves in a non-divergent barotropic atmosphere. As we found that the non-divergent Rossby waves do not propagate in a hydrostatically equilibrium atmosphere, and do not manifest a good geostrophic property, an alternative large scale circulation pattern of geostrophic waves has been proposed (McHall, 1991a). The propagation mechanism and geostrophic property of these waves are examined in the present study.     

The Relationship between the Wintertime Blocking over Greenland and the Sea Ice Distribution over North Atlantic

The sea-ice concentration in the Northern Hemisphere, 500 hPa height, sea-level pressure and 1000-500 hPa thickness of monthly mean data are examined for the period 1953-1989, with emphasis on the winter season.Relationships between large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability and sea-ice variability are investigated, making use of the correlation method. The analysis is conducted for the Atlantic sectors. In agreement with earlier studies based upon monthly mean data on sea-ice concentration, the strongest sea-ice pattern is composed of a dipole with opposing centers of action in the Davis Straits / Labrador Sea region and the Greenland and Barents Seas. Its temporal variability is strongly coupled to the atmospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationship between the two patterns is strongest with the atmosphere leading the ocean. The polarity of the NAO is associated with Greenland blocking episodes, during which the influence of the atmosphere is strong enough to temporarily halt the c