Recent Progress in the Impact of the Tibetan Plateau on Climate in China

Studies of the impacts of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） on climate in China in the last four years are reviewed. It is reported that temperature and precipitation over the TP have increased during recent decades. From satellite data analysis, it is demonstrated that most of the precipitation over the TP is from deep convection clouds. Moreover, the huge TP mechanical forcing and extraordinary elevated thermal forcing impose remarkable impacts upon local circulation and global climate. In winter and spring, stream flow is deflected by a large obstacle and appears as an asymmetric dipole, making East Asia much colder than mid Asia in winter and forming persistent rainfall in late winter and early spring over South China. In late spring, TP heating contributes to the establishment and intensification of the South Asian high and the abrupt seasonal transition of the surrounding circulations. In summer, TP heating in conjunction with the TP air pump cause the deviating stream field to resemble a cyclonic spiral, converging towards and rising over the TP. Therefore, the prominent Asian monsoon climate over East Asia and the dry climate over mid Asia in summer are forced by both TP local forcing and Eurasian continental forcing.
Due to the longer memory of snow and soil moisture, the TP thermal status both in summer and in late winter and spring can influence the variation of Eastern Asian summer rainfall. A combined index using both snow cover over the TP and the ENSO index in winter shows a better seasonal forecast.
On the other hand, strong sensible heating over the Tibetan Plateau in spring contributes significantly to anchor the earliest Asian monsoon being over the eastern Bay of Bengal （BOB） and the western Indochina peninsula. Qualitative prediction of the BOB monsoon onset was attempted by using the sign of meridional temperature gradient in March in the upper troposphere, or at 400 hPa over the TP. It is also demonstrated by a numerical experiment and theoretical study that the heating over the TP lea     

中国冬季气温的集合典型相关分析和预报

以欧亚大陆地面温度、北半球500 hPa高度、热带印度洋SST(sea surface temperature)以及北太平洋SST为预报因子,通过典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis,简称CCA)建立预报关系,然后用集合典型相关分析预报(ensemble canonical correlation prediction,简称ECC)方法预报中国冬季气温,并分析预报技巧及进行独立样本检验.结果表明,不同的预报因子对各个地区有不同的预报技巧,以欧亚大陆地面温度为预报因子预报技巧较高,而ECC模式对中国冬季气温有更好的预报能力,预报技巧高于任何一个单因子场的CCA预报;采用回归法的集合平均比简单的等权集合平均预报技巧更稳定.     

桂林市大气汞污染现状调查

对桂林市大气汞系统监测显示,桂林市大气汞含量变化范围在7.69～39.93 ng/m3(表1).总体上,不同功能区大气汞的含量平均值,由工业区→医院→商业区→休闲区→住宅区→文教区依次降低,由22.89～9.94 ng/m3,是全球大气背景含量的1.5 ng/m3的15～6倍.其高于西藏2～6 ng/m3的背景值,也高于贵阳居民区8.4 ng/m3的平均值,略高于北京6～18 ng/m3的一般值,但低于重庆市大气汞含量平均34.4 ng/m3.     

流域地形自动分割研究

本文提供了基于栅格数字高程模型（ＤＥＭ）提取流域空间结构,进行流域自动分割的技术方法。该方法包括地貌形态结构定义、流域结构定义和算法设计３个部分。基于本文设计的算法,可以从ＤＥＭ提取完整的汇流网络和分水线网络,两者组成的多边形集把流域分割成具有拓扑结构的多个子汇流区,这个子汇流区集作为存贮流域信息的基本地貌单元,是流域信息进入地学数据库的框架,也是进行空间分布式机理──过程流域分析模型的基础。并以山西离石黄土丘陵沟壑区的王家沟流域为试验区,获得了较为满意的结果。     

基于栅格数字高程模型自动提取黄土地貌沟沿线技术研究

从数字高程模型中提取具有精确定位特征的连续的沟沿线是构建黄土沟壑丘陵地区土壤侵蚀,泥沙搬运和径流过程的空间分布式机理－过程模型的关键技术。本文提出了基于地貌形态学特征的地貌提取技术,在提取具有代表性的黄土丘陵沟壑区山西离石王家沟流域汇流网络的基础上,自动提取了该流域完整的沟沿线,得到了满意的结果。     

关于澜沧江地区综合开发及大湄公河次区域国际合作的建议

关于澜沧江地区综合开发及大湄公河次区域国际合作的建议￥中国科学院地学部水资源,区域开发,澜沧江地区,湄公河关于澜沧江地区综合开发及大湄公河次区域国际合作的建议中国科学院地学部关键词水资源区域开发澜沧江地区湄公河分类号Ｆ１２７．７４由中国科学院、中国工...     

大地电场的临震周期变化

1976年唐山大地震前后,距唐山不超过120公里的西集、宝坻、塘沽地电观测台,记录到自然电场双振幅超过标准误差6—20倍、电场矢量方向大致平行附近断裂带的周期性变化,其周期为半月、一月和半年,而京津地区的其它地电观测台均无此现象。这是与地震有关     

对河南省气候业务现代化建设问题的思考

对河南省气候业务现代化建设问题的思考程炳岩钱晓燕朱业玉（河南省气候中心,郑州·４５０００３）“八五”期间,河南省气候中心在中国气象局和省气象局的关心与支持下,坚持贯彻“以气候资料数据库建设为中心,以气候分析服务为龙头,改进气象信息采集、处理、服务的方...     

山东济宁下第三系的划分和对比

<正> 济宁地层小区位于山东省的西南部,广大地区均被第四系所覆盖。历年来在钻孔中获得不少地层资料,但对下第三系的研究工作做的较少,还缺乏详细的划分和对比,也缺少相应的命名。宋之琛(1 964)关于山东第三系的孢粉化石进行了研究,对本区第三纪孢粉化石的组合特征及对比提供了重要的依据。笔者于1977—1979年,对鲁西南一带的成武、鱼台、黄口等凹陷钻孔中的下第三系,进行了孢粉分析工作,将下第三系划分为三个组、六个孢粉化石组合带(表1)。     

Radial tidal current field in a semi-enclosed rectangular basin: formation and evolution

The radial tidal current field accounts for the formation of the radial sand ridges in the South Yellow Sea. Understanding the formation and evolution of this radial tidal current field is vital to assessing the morphodynamic features in the area. A semi-enclosed rectangular basin with and without a coastal barrier was schematized from the topography of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The 2D tidal current field in this basin was simulated using the DELFT3D-FLOW model. The concept of tidal wave refraction, which highlights the effect of the sloped or stepped submarine topography on the propagation of the tidal waves, was introduced to explain the formation of the radial tidal current field. Under the effect of tidal wave refraction, co-phase lines of the counterclockwise rotating tidal wave and incident tidal wave are transformed into clockwise and counterclockwise deflections, respectively, leading to the convergence and divergence of the flow field. Regardless of whether a coastal barrier exists or not, the outer radial tidal current field might emerge over certain topography. The responses of the radial tidal current field in this basin to the environmental variations such as coastline changes and bottom erosions were discussed. Results show that local protrusion near the focal point of the radial tidal current field will have limited effects on the location of the tidal system. However, a remarkable shift of the amphidromic point toward the entrance and central axis of this basin and a movement of the focal point of the radial tidal current field toward the entrance could be caused by the significant seaward coastline advance and submarine slope erosion.